A comprehensive review on positive cold energy storage technologies and applications in air conditioning with phase change materials

Li, Shuangfei; Liu, Zhenhua; Wang, Xuejiao

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113667

Cited by 139 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The addition of the PCM attached to the rack and the evaporator could enlarge the ON and OFF time of a cabinet refrigerator and keep the products inside the racks at a proper conservation temperature (Maiorino et al, 2019). At the sight of these and other positive results, Li et al (2019) concluded that cold storage technology using PCMs has great potential; however, the present research is still in its initial stage and requires further development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Achieving a running cost saving with a cabinet refrigerator incorporating a phase change material by the scheduling optimisation of its cyclic operations

Maiorino

Duca

Mota-Babiloni

et al. 2020

International Journal of Refrigeration

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Phase Change Materials (PCMs) can absorb and release a high amount of energy, and therefore, can be used for shifting electricity demand in some household appliances. Indeed, the use of PCMs in a cabinet refrigerator leads to increase its OFF time and flexibility, and moves the energy consumption to other periods for a reduction of the peak energy demand. The higher flexibility of the refrigerator with PCM can be exploited to reduce its running cost considering that many countries adopted Time-of-Use (TOU) tariffs, in which the electricity cost is based on the time of energy use over a day and a week. Hence, this work proposes an algorithm based on Simulated Annealing (SA) method to identify the optimal working scheduling of a refrigerator with PCM in order to reduce its running costs. Experimental results have been used as inputs for the algorithm, and nine 2-TOU and three 3-TOU electricity tariffs from different European countries have been selected to test the methodology. The possibility to achieve running cost savings for various case studies has been proven. Furthermore, higher the difference between the peak and off-peak electricity cost, greater the economic benefits reached by the proposed method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Achieving a running cost saving with a cabinet refrigerator incorporating a phase change material by the scheduling optimisation of its cyclic operations

Maiorino

Duca

Mota-Babiloni

et al. 2020

International Journal of Refrigeration

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“…Simulations performed by a transient simulation software confirmed that the cold energy storage allowed shifting electricity consumption from peak to off-peak hours, resulting in attractively short payback periods. A study by Li et al reviewed the positive cold energy storage technology based on Phase Change Materials (PCM) for airconditioning applications [35]; the great potential of using materials with phase change in the range of 7-14°C was confirmed, yet materials observing phase change at lower temperatures for processcooling were not examined in this paper. Mađerić et al investigated the energy efficiency of a beverage cooler with latent heat storage, proving that replacement of thermostatic control with an ice bank relay allowed for energy-saving [36].…”

Section: Reducing Energy Intensity Of Bottled Wine By Improving Energmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cooling loads in the wine industry and novel seasonal indicator for reliable assessment of energy saving through retrofit of chillers

et al. 2020

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The food sector is a major consumer of energy and growing efforts are being made in the search for solutions that will guarantee the efficient and sustainable use of energy resources. Among the different sectors, wineries are attracting particular interest due to the continuous growth of the global market and production. Surveys conducted in the winemaking sector have highlighted the importance of performing accurate energy audits and have identified the installation of efficient refrigeration systems as a promising solution in a variety of cases. Unfortunately, the savings achievable by efficient cooling technologies are often estimated using simplified approaches which do not take into consideration the actual operating conditions of the equipment typically variable on seasonal and daily bases. In this paper a novel bottom-up procedure is presented, aimed at developing reliable profiles for refrigeration and airconditioning loads and at assessing the extent to which more efficient chilling units could contribute to reducing electricity consumption. The use of standard Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratios is critically discussed and a novel customized indicator is proposed. The method is applied to a medium-scale winery producing still red and white wines and sparkling wines, for which only aggregated energy consumption data are available. After deriving detailed load profiles, it is proven that the use of standard seasonal indicators leads to 56.85% and 83.87% overestimation of potential energy savings, respectively, for low and medium temperature cooling energy uses, confirming the importance of adopting seasonal indicators customized on the actual operating conditions of chillers. Keywords Energy saving, wineries, energy audit, cooling load, industrial chillers, seasonal energy efficiency ratio *Revised Manuscript with No Changes Marked Click here to download Revised Manuscript with No Changes Marked: Revised manuscript-clean file.docx strategies based on heat pumps in the food and drink industry. Despite the great research efforts, large margins for improvement of food processing plants still exist. 1.1 Sustainability issues and assessment in wineries Among the food industries, the winemaking sector has been attracting a growing interest due to the high energy intensity of wineries and the consequent concern about their impacts in terms of energy and freshwater consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and production of pollutant residues. In order to assess the sustainability of wine industries, a first step consists of identifying appropriate impact indicators and benchmarks. A study by Martins et al. [6] identified a set of indicators covering the environmental and economic levels of "sustainability". The study compared the sustainability of two Portuguese wines, and a lifecycle analysis allowed the identification of the "winemaking" phase as the most relevant for energy intensity, while the "bottling" phase resulted as the highest contributor to carbon emissions indicator. Gilinsky et al. [7] carried out a comp...

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“…According to the phase transition state, PCMs can be divided into solid-liquid, solid-solid and solid-gas PCMs. [9][10][11] Compared with the other two PCMs, solid-liquid PCM is the most widely used, beneted by its high latent heat and low cost. [12][13][14][15] However, shortcomings like volume change and liquid inltration during the phase change process seriously limits the application of solid-liquid PCM, considering that it may reduce the thermal energy storage capacity and lead to environmental pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A thermal energy storage composite by incorporating microencapsulated phase change material into wood

et al. 2020

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A comprehensive review on positive cold energy storage technologies and applications in air conditioning with phase change materials

Cited by 139 publications

References 93 publications

Achieving a running cost saving with a cabinet refrigerator incorporating a phase change material by the scheduling optimisation of its cyclic operations

Achieving a running cost saving with a cabinet refrigerator incorporating a phase change material by the scheduling optimisation of its cyclic operations

Characterization of cooling loads in the wine industry and novel seasonal indicator for reliable assessment of energy saving through retrofit of chillers

A thermal energy storage composite by incorporating microencapsulated phase change material into wood

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