2019
DOI: 10.1007/s10973-019-08514-z
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A comprehensive review on nanofluid operated solar flat plate collectors

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Cited by 85 publications
(38 citation statements)
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References 94 publications
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“…The zinc oxide NPs were dispersed in distilled water using a bath-type sonicator, which is an www.nature.com/scientificreports/ indirect method of sonication, the ultrasonicator operates at a frequency higher than 20 kHz for 30 min. The sonication was used to enhance the dissolution, by breaking intermolecular interactions to avoid clustering, agglomeration, and settling 3,72,73 . Also, the ultrasonication process facilitated the agglomerated nanoparticles back to their nanometer range and used to remove dissolved gases from liquids by sonicating the fluid under vacuum.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The zinc oxide NPs were dispersed in distilled water using a bath-type sonicator, which is an www.nature.com/scientificreports/ indirect method of sonication, the ultrasonicator operates at a frequency higher than 20 kHz for 30 min. The sonication was used to enhance the dissolution, by breaking intermolecular interactions to avoid clustering, agglomeration, and settling 3,72,73 . Also, the ultrasonication process facilitated the agglomerated nanoparticles back to their nanometer range and used to remove dissolved gases from liquids by sonicating the fluid under vacuum.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nanofluid technology is one specific area where a homogenous mixture of nanoparticles and a base fluid is used to develop nanofluids. Such fluids have vast applications in tribology [ 27 , 28 ], heat transfer enhancement [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], and biomedical filed [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3] The past decade has seen rapid growth in biofuels due to its nature of being ecofriendly and nontoxic in the global fuel market and is expected to rise rapidly. [4][5][6] The diesel engines have established themselves as the primary source of transportation in global market and their use in powerhouses. 7,8 Also, the surge in the green gas house emissions, that is, carbon dioxide has led to a drastic increase in the environmental temperature, thus has boosting public and scientific attention in biofuels.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The inevitability of an increase in energy security has led to the adoption of nonconventional energy sources 1‐3 . The past decade has seen rapid growth in biofuels due to its nature of being ecofriendly and nontoxic in the global fuel market and is expected to rise rapidly 4‐6 . The diesel engines have established themselves as the primary source of transportation in global market and their use in powerhouses 7,8 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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