A comprehensive review on graphitic carbon nitride based electrochemical and biosensors for environmental and healthcare applications

Selvaraj, Vinoth Kumar; Devi, K. S. Shalini; Pandikumar, Alagarsamy

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2021.116274

Cited by 97 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Recently, semiconducting nanomaterials, and in particular graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C 3 N 4 ), have attracted increasing attention in the (bio)sensing area because of their catalytic, optical, and electrical properties [ 87 ]. An overview of the g-C 3 N 4 -based nanomaterials used for sensors employed for environmental and healthcare applications has been reported in a review published in 2021 [ 87 ].…”

Section: Gold Nanomaterials Applications To Electrochemical Sensors F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A nanocomposite involving gold nanoparticles and ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets was synthesized by means of the sonochemical technique and employed to modify an SPCE for CA determination [ 88 ]. g-C 3 N 4 and AuNPs were prepared separately according to the corresponding literature procedures [ 40 , 87 ] and then the synthesis of the nanocomposite was performed by the ultrasonication of a solution containing both AuNPs and g-C 3 N 4 . The morphological analysis of the g-C 3 N 4 /AuNPs composite indicated a uniform distribution/decoration of AuNPs on the ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets.…”

Section: Gold Nanomaterials Applications To Electrochemical Sensors F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gold Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Phenolic Antioxidants Detection: Recent Advances

et al. 2022

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Antioxidants play a central role in the development and production of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, to reduce oxidative processes in the human body. Among them, phenolic antioxidants are considered even more efficient than other antioxidants. They are divided into natural and synthetic. The natural antioxidants are generally found in plants and their synthetic counterparts are generally added as preventing agents of lipid oxidation during the processing and storage of fats, oils, and lipid-containing foods: All of them can exhibit different effects on human health, which are not always beneficial. Because of their relevant bioactivity and importance in several sectors, such as agro-food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic, it is crucial to have fast and reliable analysis Rmethods available. In this review, different examples of gold nanomaterial-based electrochemical (bio)sensors used for the rapid and selective detection of phenolic compounds are analyzed and discussed, evidencing the important role of gold nanomaterials, and including systems with or without specific recognition elements, such as biomolecules, enzymes, etc. Moreover, a selection of gold nanomaterials involved in the designing of this kind of (bio)sensor is reported and critically analyzed. Finally, advantages, limitations, and potentialities for practical applications of gold nanomaterial-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for detecting phenolic antioxidants are discussed.

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Section: Gold Nanomaterials Applications To Electrochemical Sensors F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gold Nanomaterials Applications To Electrochemical Sensors F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Phenolic Antioxidants Detection: Recent Advances

et al. 2022

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“…Especially, electrochemical biosensors, which have gained great attention in the development of a compact analytical device for Point-of-Care testing. [2][3][4] The challenge in developing an electrochemical biosensor for medical use is the requirement of high stability when testing in human biological fluid samples. Since samples from the human body have variable pH levels; particularly urine samples that have an unstable pH ranging from 4.5 to 7.8 5 , this could result in a decrease in electrochemical stability; leading to inaccurate clinical analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stability of Gold Nanoparticles-Prussian Blue Based Sensors for Biosensor Applications in Clinical Diagnosis

Phonklam¹,

Thongkhao²,

Phairatana³

2022

J Health Sci Med Res

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Objective: Many medical biosensors have been widely developed for use in clinical diagnosis as point-of-care testing. However, most of them still suffer from inaccurate results, caused by the lack of biosensor stability under variable pH of biofluid samples; such as urine. Hence, the instability of pH variations is one of the key challenges for electrochemical biosensors. In this study, the development of gold nanoparticles-Prussian blue (AuNPs-PB) based screen-printed electrodes were investigated for their performance, in terms of electrochemical stability within various pH solutions.Material and Methods: The AuNPs-PB modified screen-printed gold electrode (SPAuE) was developed and optimized using an electrode-position technique and cyclic voltammetry, respectively. As compared to PB modified SPAuE, the signal response of cyclic voltammograms at AuNPs-PB modified SPAuE was examined in a phosphate buffer solution with different pH values. The electrochemical stability of the modified SPAuE was considered on the invariability of the PB redox current in different pH solutions.Results: The result revealed that stable current signals of PB in different pH solutions of the AuNPs-PB modified SPAuE showed good electrochemical stability, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of oxidation and reduction peak currents being 1.0% and 1.1%, respectively. The signal stability results exhibited over two and five times when compared to those of the PB modified SPAuE (without gold nanoparticles), which were 2.4% and 5.6% RSD, respectively.Conclusion: The AuNPs-PB modified SPAuE provides a potentially alternative tool for the enhancement of electrochemical stability for use in medical biosensor applications.

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“…34,35 For instance, coupling of CN nanostructures with a spinel MnCo 2 O 4 shows an excellent performance in the hydrogen generation photocatalyst. 36,37 This is due to synergistic interactions between two materials and modification of their electronic structures in conjunction. Theoretical and experimental investigations show that the CN doped by O, P, and S atoms increase the electronic, optical, and surface properties.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MnCo₂O₄ Microflowers Anchored on P-Doped g-C₃N₄ Nanosheets as an Electrocatalyst for Voltammetric Determination of the Antibiotic Drug Sulfadiazine

Sriram

Baby

Hsu

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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In this work, hierarchically superior spinel crystalline manganese cobaltite (MnCo2O4) microflowers were hydrothermally synthesized to anchor on phosphorus-doped graphic carbon nitride nanosheet (MnCo2O4/P-CN) nanocomposites for the robust detection of the antibiotic sulfadiazine (SF). The structure and surface characteristics of the obtained composite were measured by the spectroscopic method, which collectively suggests the superior physical and chemical properties of the composite. The anodic oxidation of SF was considered at a glassy carbon electrode modified by MnCo2O4/P-CN (MnCo2O4/P-CN/GCE) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry (i–t) techniques. A synergistic relationship between the high-quality flower-like MnCo2O4 and P-CN materials provides high electrical conductivity, larger surface area, and increased surface-active sites. The results indicate that MnCo2O4/P-CN/GCE shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the anodic oxidation of SF in pharmaceutical contaminants present in the environment at buffered pH 7.0. The proposed sensor via i–t and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) results exhibits a wide linear range (LR: 0.008–207.57 and 0.01–95.40 μM), lower detection limit (LOD: 1.2 and 3 nM), and good sensitivity (9.28 and 49.28 μM μA–1 cm–2), respectively, as well as an excellent operational and cycle stability toward the electrochemical determination of SF. The unique structural features of a spinel crystalline MnCo2O4 microflower with symmetrical petals and six trunks can progressively enhance the electrochemical performance of the SF sensor. The state-of-the-art analysis of real samples confirms the possible utilization of Mn–Co-based sensors toward the monitoring of antibiotic residues, thus helping in assessing the behavior of pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment.

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A comprehensive review on graphitic carbon nitride based electrochemical and biosensors for environmental and healthcare applications

Cited by 97 publications

References 127 publications

Gold Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Phenolic Antioxidants Detection: Recent Advances

Gold Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Phenolic Antioxidants Detection: Recent Advances

The Stability of Gold Nanoparticles-Prussian Blue Based Sensors for Biosensor Applications in Clinical Diagnosis

MnCo₂O₄ Microflowers Anchored on P-Doped g-C₃N₄ Nanosheets as an Electrocatalyst for Voltammetric Determination of the Antibiotic Drug Sulfadiazine

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A comprehensive review on graphitic carbon nitride based electrochemical and biosensors for environmental and healthcare applications

Cited by 97 publications

References 127 publications

Gold Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Phenolic Antioxidants Detection: Recent Advances

Gold Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Phenolic Antioxidants Detection: Recent Advances

The Stability of Gold Nanoparticles-Prussian Blue Based Sensors for Biosensor Applications in Clinical Diagnosis

MnCo2O4 Microflowers Anchored on P-Doped g-C3N4 Nanosheets as an Electrocatalyst for Voltammetric Determination of the Antibiotic Drug Sulfadiazine

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MnCo₂O₄ Microflowers Anchored on P-Doped g-C₃N₄ Nanosheets as an Electrocatalyst for Voltammetric Determination of the Antibiotic Drug Sulfadiazine