2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111109
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A comprehensive review of the selection of natural and synthetic antioxidants to enhance the oxidative stability of biodiesel

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Cited by 44 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Rapid and sustainable development of the economy has created increasingly severe energy and environmental problems, and there is an urgent need for a renewable green energy to replace petrochemical diesel fuel. Due to its biodegradability, nontoxicity, low cost, and direct use in internal combustion engines, biodiesel has become one of the most discussed liquid biofuels. Transesterification, as well as esterification, is a common chemical reaction for the preparation of biodiesel. , At present, homogeneous catalysts (NaOH and H 2 SO 4 ) and heterogeneous catalysts (solid acid, solid base, etc.) are used for the preparation of biodiesel by transesterification or esterification. Among them, heterogeneous catalysts have been widely studied due to the advantages of high activity, advanced yield, and satisfactory reusability. Recently, synthesized biochar substrate catalysts have also been widely applied in the preparation of biodiesel because of their low cost, stability, and other favorable surface characteristics. , …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Rapid and sustainable development of the economy has created increasingly severe energy and environmental problems, and there is an urgent need for a renewable green energy to replace petrochemical diesel fuel. Due to its biodegradability, nontoxicity, low cost, and direct use in internal combustion engines, biodiesel has become one of the most discussed liquid biofuels. Transesterification, as well as esterification, is a common chemical reaction for the preparation of biodiesel. , At present, homogeneous catalysts (NaOH and H 2 SO 4 ) and heterogeneous catalysts (solid acid, solid base, etc.) are used for the preparation of biodiesel by transesterification or esterification. Among them, heterogeneous catalysts have been widely studied due to the advantages of high activity, advanced yield, and satisfactory reusability. Recently, synthesized biochar substrate catalysts have also been widely applied in the preparation of biodiesel because of their low cost, stability, and other favorable surface characteristics. , …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The stability of B100 and its blends with hydrocarbon fuels can be enhanced with the use of antioxidant additives that act as radical scavengers, shutting down oxidation. , Naturally occurring antioxidants such as α-tocopherol have been found to be less effective than synthetic antioxidants. ,, Antioxidant effectiveness is a rating of the increase in IP per unit of compound added; higher effectiveness means that a lower dose rate is required to reach a target IP value . There have been numerous studies on the response of biodiesel and biodiesel blends’ IPs to common antioxidants. Synthetic antioxidants studied for use in biodiesel have largely been hindered phenols and can be broadly categorized into polar and nonpolar, with the more polar (and hence less hydrocarbon-soluble) antioxidants being the most effective in B100 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Table provides the water solubilities and octanol–water partition coefficients (log P ow ) of the antioxidant compounds in Table to highlight their relative polarities. As shown in Table , the more polar phenolic antioxidants such as pyrogallol (PA), propyl gallate (PG), and tert -butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) tend to be more effective in FAMEs than less polar/more hydrocarbon-soluble antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and α-tocopherol (Toc). ,, …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…31,32 The hull extract of Pistachia vera is proven for its oxidative stability effect on biodiesel derived from canola oil by the report of Ahanchi et al where it was shown that there was a 300% increase in the IP (initial IP, 2.0 h) after the addition of 5000 ppm hull extract. 33,34 The natural antioxidant types are cheap, eco-friendly, and more accessible from synthetic antioxidants. Additionally, synthetic antioxidants are toxic and non-biodegradable.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%