A Comprehensive Review of the Properties, Performance, Combustion, and Emissions of the Diesel Engine Fueled with Different Generations of Biodiesel

Abstract

Due to the increasing air pollution from diesel engines and the shortage of conventional fossil fuels, many experimental and numerical types of research have been carried out and published in the literature over the past few decades to find a new, sustainable, and alternative fuels. Biodiesel is an appropriate alternate solution for diesel engines because it is renewable, non-toxic, and eco-friendly. According to the European Academies Science Advisory Council, biodiesel evolution is broadly classified into four generations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the production, properties, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engines using different generations of biodiesel as an alternative fuel to replace fossil-based diesel and summarizes the primary feedstocks and properties of different generations of biodiesel compared with diesel. The general impression is that the use of different generations of biodiesel decreased 30% CO, 50% HC, and 70% smoke emissions compared with diesel. Engine performance is slightly decreased by an average of 3.13%, 89.56%, and 11.98% for higher density, viscosity, and cetane, respectively, while having a 7.96% lower heating value compared with diesel. A certain ratio of biodiesel as fuel instead of fossil diesel combined with advanced after-treatment technology is the main trend of future diesel engine development.

The Effect of Eichhornia Crassipes Biodiesel/LPG Dual-Fuel on Performance and Emissions in a Single-Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine

“…This behavior is due to the presence of oxygen in ECB that leads to improvements in the combustion process and an increased rate of heat release with lower fuel consumption. This result is in agreement with [26] and [27]. The higher BTH was obtained with a dual fuel (40%ECB-LPG) mode, and the ignition delay, uncontrolled combustion, and post-combustion phases occurred in a short time due to the better atomization of the LPG fuel in the cylinder.…”

Green synthesis of highly active and recyclable chromium oxide nanocatalyst for biodiesel production from novel nonedible oil seeds

“…Eight different types of FAMEs were reported in Phyllanthus biodiesel, which is similar to the already reported work on different feedstocks (Sienkiewicz et al., 2020). However, unsaturated fatty acids are also less in the synthesized biodiesel, which is indicative of the smooth burning of biodiesel in the automobile engine without producing any knocking (Zhang et al., 2022).…”

Current advances and future outlook of heterogeneous catalytic transesterification towards biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

“…72 They are isotropic, transparent, and thermodynamically stable mixtures of oil in water (O/W) or water in oil (W/O) along with surfaceactive agents (surfactants/co-surfactants). 73,74 Alcohols like methanol, ethanol, and 1-butanol form a colloidal equilibrium dispersion with vegetable oils with optically isotropic uid microstructures of dimensions normally in the span of 1-150 nm. 75,76 This lowers the high viscosity of the oils, which allows them to be directly utilized in diesel engines.…”