A comprehensive review of processing strategies for iron precipitation residues from zinc hydrometallurgy

Hoeber, Lukas; Steinlechner, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.clet.2021.100214

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The zinc sulphide concentrate is roasted, and the resulting zinc calcine is leached into two phases, resulting in iron impurities in the leach liquid that cannot be avoided. To reduce the amount of iron it is necessary to detect its amount [28]. Due to these constraints, affordable fluorescence probing is becoming more popular as an analytical technique for detecting iron due to its sensitivity, selectivity, and speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco Friendly Synthesis of Carbon Dot by Hydrothermal Method for Metal Ions Salt Identification

et al. 2021

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In this work, we report the synthesis method of carbon quantum dots (CDs) using the one-step method for fast and effective metal ion determination. Ascorbic acid was used as an inexpensive and environmentally friendly precursor. High-pressure and high-temperature reactors were used for this purpose. Microscopic characterization revealed the size of CDs was in the range of 2–6 nm and they had an ordered structure. The photoluminescence properties of the CDs depend on the process temperature, and we obtained the highest PL spectra for 6 h of hydrothermal reaction. The maximum emission spectra depend poorly on synthesis time. Further characterization shows that CDs are a good contender for sensing Fe3+ in aqueous systems and can detect concentrations up to 0.49 ppm. The emission spectra efficiency was enhanced by up to 200% with synthesis time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco Friendly Synthesis of Carbon Dot by Hydrothermal Method for Metal Ions Salt Identification

et al. 2021

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“…Jarosite and alunite are common hydroxysulfate minerals found in various natural and engineered systems. Both minerals are typical of acid sulfate environments such as acid-rock drainage and supergene weathered pyrite deposits. , Jarosite is often diagnostic of acid sulfate soils (ASS). , Alunite may also form in ASS, although it is more commonly a product of hypogene processes. , Jarosite and alunite have been found in diverse niche environments such as hypersaline lakes, Antarctic ice, and the surface of Mars. , Furthermore, jarosite is used extensively in hydrometallurgical industries. , As isostructural members of the alunite supergroup of minerals, jarosite- and alunite-subgroup minerals both have the general formula AB 3 (TO) 4 (OH) 6 . The primary division of the mineral supergroup is based on the predominance of Fe or Al at the B-site (jarosite or alunite, respectively), , and a complete solid solution series (SSS) between jarosite and alunite occurs according to Vegard’s law .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Effects of Aluminum and Iron Occupancy in Minerals of the Jarosite-Alunite Solid Solution

Grigg,

Notini,

Kaegi

et al. 2024

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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The alunite supergroup of minerals contains several hydroxysulfate mineral phases that commonly occur in acidic natural and engineered environments. The main division of the mineral supergroup defines two minerals, jarosite and alunite, based on the relative structural occupancy by Al or Fe, respectively. However, intermediate members of the jarosite-alunite solid solution have not been extensively characterized, especially in the environment. Here, we link the mineral unit cell sizes measured by X-ray diffraction, peak shifts in Raman spectra, fitting parameters in Mossbauer spectroscopy, and elemental quantification by EDX spectroscopy to known amounts of Al substitution in two synthetic series of Al-substituted jarosite (up to Al-for-Fe substitution of 9.5%) and unknown Al substitution in a natural jarosite isolated from an acid sulfate soil. Strong correlations were observed between the Al substitution of the jarosite samples and unit cell size, position of several vibrational peaks in Raman spectroscopy, and the temperature of magnetic ordering. In addition, elemental mapping provided a robust way to characterize the Al content of jarosite. As the techniques were effective in quantifying the Al or Fe content of jarosite-alunite supergroup mineral samples, without the need for sample dissolution, the findings support the application of these spectroscopy techniques to characterize natural jarositealunite samples. Using these techniques, we demonstrate at least 5% Al-for-Fe substitution in a jarosite sample from an acid sulfate soil. Application to environmental samples is especially useful in cases where it is otherwise difficult to directly measure the Al content of a mineral sample or when Al-for-Fe substitution influences the spectral responses to substitution at other sites in the crystal structure.

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“…The potential of pyrometallurgical treatment is shown by the fact that the only processes currently employed for treating iron residue on the industrial scale are pyrometallurgical. For example, Ausmelt Top Submerged Lance (TSL) technology is employed in Australia and South Korea, whereas the Waelz process is utilized in Brazil and China. , In addition, a variety of pyrometallurgical treatments are being studied on a laboratory scale. The major advantages of pyrometallurgical treatment lie in producing an environmentally friendly and safely utilizable slag simultaneously with recovery of valuable metals, resulting in a minimum amount of waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of a Zinc Leach Residue by a Non-Fossil Reductant

et al. 2023

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The suitability of a non-fossil reductant in high-temperature treatment of a zinc leach residue was studied in laboratory-scale experiments. The pyrometallurgical experiments carried out at temperatures of 1200–1350 °C consisted of melting the residue under an oxidizing atmosphere to produce an intermediate, desulfurized slag, which was further cleaned of metals such as Zn, Pb, Cu, and Ag, using renewable biochar as a reductant. The aim was to recover valuable metals and produce a clean, stable slag for use as construction material, for example. The first experiments indicated that biochar is a viable alternative to fossil-based metallurgical coke. The capabilities of biochar as a reductant were studied in more detail after optimizing the processing temperature at 1300 °C and modifying the experimental arrangement by adding rapid quenching of the sample (to a solid state in less than 5 s) to the procedure. Modifying the slag viscosity by adding 5–10 wt % MgO was found to enhance the slag cleaning significantly. With an addition of 10 wt % MgO, the target Zn concentration in slag (Zn < 1 wt %) was reached after as little as 10 min of reduction, and the Pb concentration was also decreased relatively close to the target value (Pb < 0.03 wt %). With an addition of 0–5 wt % MgO, the target Zn and Pb levels were not reached within 10 min, but with longer treatment times of 30–60 min, 5 wt % of MgO was enough to decrease the Zn content in slag sufficiently. The lowest Pb concentration achieved with an addition of 5 wt % MgO was 0.09 wt % after a 60 min reduction time.

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A comprehensive review of processing strategies for iron precipitation residues from zinc hydrometallurgy

Cited by 37 publications

References 78 publications

Eco Friendly Synthesis of Carbon Dot by Hydrothermal Method for Metal Ions Salt Identification

Eco Friendly Synthesis of Carbon Dot by Hydrothermal Method for Metal Ions Salt Identification

Structural Effects of Aluminum and Iron Occupancy in Minerals of the Jarosite-Alunite Solid Solution

Processing of a Zinc Leach Residue by a Non-Fossil Reductant

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