A Comprehensive Review of Power Electronics Enabled Active Battery Cell Balancing for Smart Energy Management

Kelkar, Apoorva; Dasari, Yashwanth; Williamson, Sheldon S.

doi:10.1109/pesgre45664.2020.9070666

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Passive balancing mostly utilizes the fixed shunting resistance technique, as shown in Figure 1B. Active balancing transports energy among all cells with the help of external circuits to balance them accordingly 10,11 . It mostly utilizes shunt resistors, power switches, transformers, and converters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing battery energy storage system: State‐of‐health aware state‐of‐charge balancing in multilevel inverters for electric transportation

Batool,

Majeed,

Kim

2024

Energy Storage

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This research presents an innovative methodology for enhancing battery energy storage systems for electrically powered transportation, utilizing a distinctive cascaded H‐bridge multilevel inverter design, termed P‐CHBMI. Central to this work is the development of a state‐of‐health aware state‐of‐charge (SoH‐aware‐SoC) balancing technique, which leverages an advanced algorithm integrated with a Proportional‐Integral (PI) controller technique to efficiently balance battery cells according to their state‐of health (SoH). This technique significantly improves operational efficiency and extends the lifespan of battery systems by intelligently optimizing cell discharge processes. Moreover, this research work delivers a wide range of simulations for the generation of a streamlined control algorithms for the development of the symmetric and asymmetric configuration of the P‐CHBMI. Similarly, recommended topology is proficient of equal voltage discharge across battery cells, which is an exclusive property of the conventional cascaded H‐bridge topology. The study includes extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulations to validate the superiority of the P‐CHBMI and the SoH‐aware‐SoC balancing method over conventional systems, highlighting substantial enhancements in switch count efficiency, operational flexibility, and battery durability. Further, the practical applicability of the proposed topology is evidenced through a hardware implementation of a symmetric 5‐level inverter. This study plays a significant role in the development of the inverter technology particularly in off‐grid scenarios such as electric vehicle and aircrafts, keeping the battery efficiency and reliability as a most important factor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing battery energy storage system: State‐of‐health aware state‐of‐charge balancing in multilevel inverters for electric transportation

Batool,

Majeed,

Kim

2024

Energy Storage

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“…Therefore, the requirement of a battery management system (BMS) has become indispensable for effective thermal management and safety of LIB system, which essentially requires accurate information on the core and surface temperature of each cell [8,9] besides other important states such as state of charge (SOC) [10,11] and state of health (SOH). A few other popular functions of an advanced BMS include cell balancing [12,13], fault detection/diagnosis [14] and some other safety inspection functionalities. Several recent research studies highlighted that the accuracy of estimating cell SOC [15], SOH [16] and remaining storage capacity [17] depends on the accurate estimation of cell temperature as all these states are the function of temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Core and Surface Temperature Estimation Techniques for Health-Conscious Lithium-Ion Battery Management Systems: A Model-to-Model Comparison

et al. 2022

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Estimation of core temperature is one of the crucial functionalities of the lithium-ion Battery Management System (BMS) towards providing effective thermal management, fault detection and operational safety. It is impractical to measure the core temperature of each cell using physical sensors, while at the same time implementing a complex core temperature estimation strategy in onboard low-cost BMS is also challenging due to high computational cost and the cost of implementation. Typically, a temperature estimation scheme consists of a heat generation model and a heat transfer model. Several researchers have already proposed ranges of thermal models with different levels of accuracy and complexity. Broadly, there are first-order and second-order heat resistor–capacitor-based thermal models of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for core and surface temperature estimation. This paper deals with a detailed comparative study between these two models using extensive laboratory test data and simulation study. The aim was to determine whether it is worth investing towards developing a second-order thermal model instead of a first-order model with respect to prediction accuracy considering the modeling complexity and experiments required. Both the thermal models along with the parameter estimation scheme were modeled and simulated in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. Models were validated using laboratory test data of a cylindrical 18,650 LIB cell. Further, a Kalman filter with appropriate process and measurement noise levels was used to estimate the core temperature in terms of measured surface and ambient temperatures. Results from the first-order model and second-order models were analyzed for comparison purposes.

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“…However, there are slight differences in terms of electrochemistry, capacity, internal resistance, and voltage among battery cells. The non-uniform properties of the individual cell will result in the overcharging or overdischarging for the small capacity cells especially, which tremendously reduces the lifetime of battery packs and even may cause the fire and explosion in serious cases [3]. To prolong the service life of the battery pack, the voltage equalizer is an indispensable equipment in the battery management system (BMS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A switched‐capacitor battery equalization method for improving balancing speed

Sun

Liu

2021

IET Electric Power Appl

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The switched-capacitor equalizer (SCE) has a broad application prospect because of its small size, easy control, and implementation. However, the conventional SCE by shifting energy between two adjacent cells usually has a lower balancing speed the number of imbalanced battery cells increases. Therefore, an automatic SCE is proposed to improve the balancing speed for a long battery string. The main advantage of the proposed method is taking the highest-voltage battery cell as the source for balancing. By controlling the MOSFETs alternately with one pair of complementary pulse width modulation signals, the energy can be directly delivered from the highest-voltage battery cell to other lower-voltage ones, to avoid the frequent energy inflow or outflow from the same battery cell. A prototype for four lithium battery cells is implemented, and the comparisons between the proposed SCE and other SCEs in simulation and experiment are presented. Results show that the proposed SCE topology exhibits an obvious improvement in balancing speed at different initial voltage mismatch distributions.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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A Comprehensive Review of Power Electronics Enabled Active Battery Cell Balancing for Smart Energy Management

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Advancing battery energy storage system: State‐of‐health aware state‐of‐charge balancing in multilevel inverters for electric transportation

Advancing battery energy storage system: State‐of‐health aware state‐of‐charge balancing in multilevel inverters for electric transportation

Smart Core and Surface Temperature Estimation Techniques for Health-Conscious Lithium-Ion Battery Management Systems: A Model-to-Model Comparison

A switched‐capacitor battery equalization method for improving balancing speed

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