A Comprehensive Review of Metabolic Syndrome Affecting Erectile Dysfunction

Abstract

Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the most important public health issue threatening the health of men and women all over the world. Its current prevalence (i.e., approximately 30%) is continuously increasing. MetS by itself is considered a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). Aim To focus on the definition epidemiology, pathogenesis, and possible mechanistic links between MetS and ED in order to provide guidelines for treating such individuals. Methods The search strategies yielded total records screened from PubMed. Main Outcome Measures Regardless of the definition, MetS consists of insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. MetS is not an end disease but is a disorder of energy utilization and storage. Results The prevalence of ED in patients with MetS is almost twice than in those without MetS, and about 40% of patients with ED have MetS. An important mechanism linking MetS and ED is hypogonadism. Conclusions Recognizing through ED, underlying conditions such as hypogonadism, diabetes and MetS might be a useful motivation for men to improve their health-related choices. The clinical management of MetS can be done by therapeutic interventions that include lifestyle modifications, hormone replacement alone or in combination with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, and other pharmacological treatments.

REVITALISE: A Large Observational Study Assessing the Safety and Effectiveness of Vardenafil in Men With Erectile Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome

“…A recent analysis found that approximately 40% of patients with ED also have MetS, and ED is almost twice as prevalent in patients with MetS compared with those without it 7 . Furthermore, evidence suggests that the relative risk and severity of ED increase as the number of MetS components increases 1, 2.…”

Síndrome metabólica, aterosclerose e inflamação: tríade indissociável?

“…[5][6][7] The MS was originally named Metabolic Syndrome X and there are a large number of criteria for its diagnosis, including the EGIR -European Group for the These criteria for diagnosis include glycemia disorders related to insulin resistance (IR); elevated BMI; elevated triglycerides and low HDL-c (high density lipoprotein); and high blood pressure. 5,[8][9][10] There is consensus in the recent literature that there are at least six criteria that define the presence of MS: obesity, waist circumference (> 102 cm in males or > 88 cm in females), IR (fasting glycemia greater than 100mg/dL), elevated triglycerides (> 150 mg/dL) and low HDL-c (< 40 mg/dL no male sex or < 50 mg/dL in female sex), arterial hypertension (BP > 130⁄85 mm Hg) and a proinflammatory and pro-thrombotic state. People who have three or more of the criteria listed above are considered to have the syndrome.…”

Safety and Potential Therapeutic Effect of Two Intracavernous Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells injections in Diabetic Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: An Open Label Phase I Clinical Trial

“…Actually, ED is a known, common and distressing complication of DM in men [10], it usually occurs in diabetic patients 10-15 years earlier than non-diabetics; in addition, it is 3 times more common, more severe and quite often refractory to medical treatment [11,12]. Moreover; DM is a growing epidemic in many parts of the world, the number of people with diabetes has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014, whereas the global prevalence of diabetes among adults older than 18 years has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014 [13].…”