A comprehensive morphological study for basal-like breast carcinomas with comparison to nonbasal-like carcinomas

Çakır, Aslı; Gönül, İpek Işık; Uluoğlu, Ömer

doi:10.1186/1746-1596-7-145

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It is a heterogeneous disease, such that it may have different prognostic and therapeutic responses despite similarities in histological types, grade and stage of various subtypes. There are 19 subtypes of breast carcinoma according to World Health Organization (WHO) 2003 classification [22]. Mechanism of developing breast cancer is still unclear but the contribution of mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been reported to be associated with a dominantly increased risk of disease [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico- pathological profile of patients with breast diseases

et al. 2013

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BackgroundTo evaluate the spectrum of breast diseases and their association with presenting complains of patients.MethodologyIt was a cross sectional study conducted from 1st January 2010 – 30th December 2012. A total of 254 breast specimens of patients, who were admitted in Civil Hospital Karachi with breast complaints, were included. Specimens were collected either from mastectomy, lumpectomy or needle biopsy from the admitted patients. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients. All patients with primary breast diseases were included. Patients undergoing chemotherapy or with secondary breast disease and slides with insufficient specimen were excluded. All data was entered and analyzed through SPSS 19.ResultThere were 254 breast lesions, histologically diagnosed in 3 year review period. The overall mean age of patients with breast lesion was 25.18, SD ± 11.73 with a wide age range of 12–74 years. Most common cases identified are benign 191(75.3%), followed by inflammatory 30(11.8%) and malignant lesions 30(11.8%). Most patients presenting with the complain of pain have diagnosis of fibroadenoma 24 (63.2%) while patient with complain of lump also have the most common diagnosis of fibroadenoma 147 (72.8%).ConclusionsStudy shows that in Pakistani females, mostly encountered breast lesion was fibroadenoma. Due to lack of awareness breast diseases present lately. Awareness must be created among women to reduce the mortality and morbidity with breast lesions.Virtual slidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1037059088969395.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico- pathological profile of patients with breast diseases

et al. 2013

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“…Depending upon the immunohistochemical markers and inclusion criteria employed, expression of basal markers has been demonstrated in approximately 56 to 93% of metaplastic carcinomas, regardless of the type of metaplastic elements present [26, 27]. Neither of the aforementioned calretinin-focused studies addressed the distribution of calretinin positivity in the various epithelial and mesenchymal elements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calretinin expression in high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast is associated with basal-like subtype and unfavorable prognosis

Taliano¹,

Lu²,

Singh³

et al. 2013

Human Pathology

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Calretinin, a calcium-binding protein, is a widely utilized marker for mesothelial differentiation. There is accumulating evidence of calretinin expression in epithelial and mesenchymal malignancies as well. The objectives of this study were 1) further delineate the expression of calretinin in grade 3 breast carcinomas in the context of molecular subtypes and 2) identify the impact of calretinin expression on overall- and disease-free survival. On the basis of immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), CK5/6 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), 214 grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas were stratified into 36 luminal A, 63 luminal B, 24 HER2-positive, 81 basal-like (including 13 metaplastic carcinomas), and 10 unclassified. Tissue microarrays were analyzed for immunohistochemical expression of calretinin. High-level calretinin expression was identified in a significant proportion of basal-like (54.3%), HER2 (33.3%) and unclassified (30%) tumors. In contrast, luminal A and B subtypes demonstrated high-level calretinin expression in only 11.1% and 12.7%, respectively (P<0.0001). Within the basal-like group, 38.5% of the metaplastic carcinomas demonstrated high-level expression, associated predominantly with the epithelial component and squamous metaplasia. High-level calretinin expression was strongly associated with decreased overall survival in the entire cohort of grade 3 cancer (P=0.0096) and in the basal-like group (P=0.039). Multivariate analysis revealed that both tumor stage and high-level calretinin expression were independent predictors of overall survival (P=0.0002 and P=0.0023, respectively). In conclusion, high-level calretinin expression is most common in grade 3 tumors with a basal-like phenotype and is associated with poor overall survival.

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“…While these structural proteins may serve to distinguish some basal-like tumors from other tumor types, they do not hold potential as therapeutic targets. In addition to cytokeratins and vimentin, epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a marker of the basal-like breast cancers that is expressed in approximately 50 % [51, 52] of this subtype. Targeting EGFR is a promising avenue for treatment of some basal-like breast cancers, however, not all basal-like/TN breast cancers are positive for EGFR [51, 52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to cytokeratins and vimentin, epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a marker of the basal-like breast cancers that is expressed in approximately 50 % [51, 52] of this subtype. Targeting EGFR is a promising avenue for treatment of some basal-like breast cancers, however, not all basal-like/TN breast cancers are positive for EGFR [51, 52]. In addition, the likelihood of developing resistance to EGFR-directed therapies is high as has been observed in lung cancer [55, 56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypomethylation of the MMP7 promoter and increased expression of MMP7 distinguishes the basal-like breast cancer subtype from other triple-negative tumors

Sizemore

Booth

et al. 2014

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Identification of novel targets for the treatment of basal-like breast cancer is essential for improved outcomes in patients with this disease. This study investigates the association of MMP7 expression and MMP7 promoter methylation with subtype and outcome in breast cancer patient cohorts. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on a breast cancer tissue microarray and validated in independent histological samples. MMP7 expression significantly correlated with patient age, tumor size, triple-negative (TN) status, and recurrence. Analysis of publically available datasets confirmed MMP7 gene expression as a prognostic marker of breast cancer metastasis, particularly metastasis to the brain and lungs. Methylation of the MMP7 promoter was assessed by methylation-specific PCR in a panel of breast cancer cell lines and patient tumor samples. Hypomethylation of the MMP7 promoter significantly correlated with TN status in DNA from patient tumor samples, and this association was confirmed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Evaluation of a panel of breast cancer cell lines and data from the Curtis and TCGA breast carcinoma datasets revealed that elevated MMP7 expression and MMP7 promoter hypomethylation are specific biomarkers of the basal-like molecular subtype which shares considerable, but not complete, overlap with the clinical TN subtype. Importantly, MMP7 expression was identified as an independent predictor of pathological complete response in a large breast cancer patient cohort. Combined, these data suggest that MMP7 expression and MMP7 promoter methylation may be useful as prognostic biomarkers. Furthermore, MMP7 expression and promoter methylation analysis may be effective mechanisms to distinguish basal-like breast cancers from other triple-negative subtypes. Finally, these data implicate MMP7 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of basal-like breast cancers.

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A comprehensive morphological study for basal-like breast carcinomas with comparison to nonbasal-like carcinomas

Cited by 28 publications

References 64 publications

Clinico- pathological profile of patients with breast diseases

Clinico- pathological profile of patients with breast diseases

Calretinin expression in high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast is associated with basal-like subtype and unfavorable prognosis

Hypomethylation of the MMP7 promoter and increased expression of MMP7 distinguishes the basal-like breast cancer subtype from other triple-negative tumors

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