A comprehensive metabolomics and lipidomics atlas for the legumes common bean, chickpea, lentil and lupin

Abstract

SUMMARYLegumes represent an important component of human and livestock diets; they are rich in macro‐ and micronutrients such as proteins, dietary fibers and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Whilst several health‐promoting and anti‐nutritional properties have been associated with grain content, in‐depth metabolomics characterization of major legume species remains elusive. In this article, we used both gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) to assess the metabolic diversity in the five legume species commonly grown in Europe, including common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), white lupin (Lupinus albus) and pearl lupin (Lupinus mutabilis), at the tissue level. We were able to detect and quantify over 3400 metabolites covering major nutritional and anti‐nutritional compounds. Specifically, the metabolomics atlas includes 224 derivatized metabolites, 2283 specialized metabolites and 923 lipids. The data generated here will serve the community as a basis for future integration to metabolomics‐assisted crop breeding and facilitate metabolite‐based genome‐wide association studies to dissect the genetic and biochemical bases of metabolism in legume species.

Biostimulants for Sustainable Food Production: Effects of Wood Distillate to Fortify Chickpea Flour for Development of Functional Bakery Products

“…A similar fragmentation pattern was observed for soyasaponin Be (peaks 92 , 97 , 105 C 48 H 76 O 18 , m / z 941), which gave fragmented ions at m / z 795 [C 48 H 76 O 18 –dHex] + , m / z 633 [C 48 H 76 O 18 –dHex–Hex] + , and m / z 615 [C 48 H 76 O 18 –dHex–Hex– H 2 O] + . , Maackiain (peaks 125 and 129 ) showed a precursor ion at m / z 284 (C 16 H 12 O 5 ) and generated MS/MS base fragment ions at m / z 151 [M + H – C 8 H 7 O 2 ] + , m / z 138 [M + H – C 9 H 7 O 2 ] + , and m / z 109 [M + H – C 10 H 7 O 3 ] + . Two fatty acid amides were identified: oleamide (peak 134 ), which showed a precursor ion at m / z 282 [M + H] + and the most common fragments associated were m / z 265 [M + H – H 2 O] + and m / z 247 [M + H – 2H 2 O] + , and erucamide (peak 136 ) ( m / z 338, C 22 H 43 NO), which exhibited a similar fragmentation pattern, wherein two consecutive losses of water molecules were observed, leading to the formation of two fragments at m / z 321 [M + H – H 2 O] + and m / z 303 [M + H – 2H 2 O] + …”

Plasma metabolite profile of legume consumption and future risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

“…Our legume-related metabolite profile includes several lipids positively related to legume consumption, such as C34:3 PC and C16:1 lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Only C16:1 LPC has been previously related to legumes [ 39 ] and none of these metabolites have been previously linked to T2D. To our knowledge, it is the first time that negative association between the C36:4 PC metabolite and T2D risk was also reported.…”

“…Despite the evidence for legume consumption in lowering cardiometabolic risks and the complex matrix of compounds of the Leguminosae family (including complex carbohydrates, sugars, AAs, TGs, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingolipids among others) [ 39 ], the associations between identified plasma metabolites signatures of legume consumption and chronic diseases remains sparse [ 40 , 41 ]. Mainly because of the limited evidence on legumes consumption metabolomic signature and the classification of legumes done in previous studies [ 42 ].…”

The unexplored diversity of wild lupins provides rich genomic resources and insights into lupin evolution

“…It includes five domesticated but underutilized crop species that produce highly nutritious seeds (Nartea et al 2023) with a protein content of up to 40% (Rawal 2019, Zhao et al 2022. Lupins could therefore contribute to a healthy and sustainable human diet (Bellucci et al 2021, Bulut et al 2023, FAO 2023. The development of genomic tools can facilitate breeding and pre-breeding processes by exploiting the rich diversity of domesticated lupin species and wild relatives (Bohra et al 2022).…”