A comprehensive in vitro biological investigation of metal complexes of tolfenamic acid

Abstract

Objective: The inquisitive objective of the study was to observe the antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activities of some newly synthesized metal complexes of tolfenamic acid. Methods: While antimicrobial activity was studied by disk diffusion method, cytotoxicity was studied by performing brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Moreover, DPPH radical scavenging potential was observed to determine the antioxidant property of the complexes. Results: From the disk diffusion antimicrobial screening of tolfenamic acid and its metal complexes, it was found out that considerable antimicrobial activity in terms of zone of inhibition against the tested organisms had been demonstrated by Cu and Zn complex of tolfenamic acid. In addition, the brine shrimp lethality bioassay corroborated that tolfenamic acid and Cu, Co, Zn complexes of the parent NSAID exhibited cytotoxicity with LC 50 values 1.23 ± 0.91 lg/ml, 1.12 ± 0.12 lg/ml, 1.17 ± 0.56 lg/ml, 1.35 ± 0.24 lg/ ml respectively, compared to the vincristine sulfate had LC 50 value of 0.82 ± 0.09 lg/ml. Furthermore, 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay revealed that in comparison with standard BHT had IC 50 of 11.84 ± 0.65, Cu and Co complex of tolfenamic acid exhibited significant antioxidant or radical-scavenging properties with IC 50 values 13.61 ± 0.58 lg/ml and 15.38 ± 0.09 lg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: It can be postulated that metal complexes of tolfenamic acid have auspicious pharmacological effects: antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant potency. Hence, these complexes might have better therapeutic responses in future; notwithstanding, it needs further detailed analysis in other pharmacological perspectives.

Stability of Antibacterial Silver Carboxylate Complexes against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Their Cytotoxic Effects

“…Cells of both cell lines died with all the compounds at concentrations of 500 and 250 µM, but cell viability was not affected at concentrations of 50 and 5 µM, with the exception of the compound Ag-T, which reduced the viability of fibroblast cells by 50% at a concentration of 50 µM. However, in comparison with other tolfenamic metals (Cu, Co, and Zn), the silver compounds are less toxic [ 36 ]. These results can be explained by reference to other investigations that have shown the cytotoxic effects of tolfenamic acid [ 37 ] on the proliferation of nasopharyngeal cancer cell lines and a normal keratinocyte cell line.…”

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Investigation of the Platinum(IV) Tolfenamato Prodrug–Resolving Cisplatin-Resistance in Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines

“…Conjugates of cisplatin and tolfenamic acid (TOLF) assembled in nanoparticles were found to induce apoptosis and decrease metastasis in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo [ 60 , 63 , 64 ]. The three anthranilic acid derivatives were already examined for their anticancer activity in metal complexes including nickel(II) [ 65 , 66 , 67 ], copper(II) [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ], manganese(II) [ 66 , 67 ], cobalt(II) [ 66 , 67 , 69 , 71 ], and zinc(II) [ 66 , 67 , 69 ] and showed promising results interesting for further studies.…”