A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of cigarette ingredients: essential oils and resins

Coggins, Christopher R. E.; Edmiston, Jeffery; Jerome, Ann M.; Langston, Timothy B.; Sena, Erica J.; Smith, Donna C.; Oldham, Michael J.

doi:10.3109/08958378.2010.543188

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Many of the 'smoke-related' observations made from assaying both the kretek cigarettes and the Americanblended reference cigarette 2R4F in the present study were similar to those reported from several MS inhalation studies in rats (Baker et al, 2004;Coggins et al, 2011;Roemer et al, 2012;Terpstra et al, 2003;Vanscheeuwijck et al, 2002). However, there are notable differences between kretek cigarette smoke-exposed groups and the groups exposed to smoke from the reference cigarette 2R4F.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Toxicological assessment of kretek cigarettes part 3: Kretek and American-blended cigarettes, inhalation toxicity

Piadé

Roemer

Dempsey

et al. 2014

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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A typical Indonesian kretek cigarette brand and an experimental kretek reference cigarette were compared to the reference cigarette 2R4F in two 90-day inhalation studies. Male and female rats were exposed nose-only to mainstream smoke for 6 hours daily, for 90 consecutive days. Biological endpoints were assessed according to OECD guideline 413, with special emphasis on respiratory tract histopathology and on lung inflammation (broncho-alveolar lavage fluid levels of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes). Histopathological alterations included: in the nose, hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium and squamous metaplasia and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium; in the larynx, epithelial squamous metaplasia and hyperplasia; in the lungs, accumulation of macrophages in alveoli and goblet cell hyperplasia in bronchial epithelium. The findings were qualitatively consistent with observations from previous similar studies on conventional cigarettes. Compared to 2R4F cigarette, however, kretek smoke exposure was associated with a pronounced attenuation of pulmonary inflammation and less severe histopathological changes in the respiratory tract. Neutrophilic inflammation was also significantly lower (>70%). These results are consistent with the observations made on smoke chemistry and in vitro toxicology. They do not support any increased toxicity of the smoke of kretek cigarettes compared to conventional American-blended cigarettes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Toxicological assessment of kretek cigarettes part 3: Kretek and American-blended cigarettes, inhalation toxicity

Piadé

Roemer

Dempsey

et al. 2014

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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“…This also is consistent with single cigarette-ingredient studies involving guar (Coggins et al, 2011) and propylene glycol (Gaworski et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For these studies, two lots of starting material and different amounts of guar (Coggins et al, 2011) and propylene glycol (Gaworski et al, 2010) were used to make the Deli cast sheet that was incorporated into experimental cigarettes. As two lots of starting material were used, a comparison of these lots was also performed using two additional experimental cigarettes (Table 1).…”

Section: Cigarette Construction and Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of the “Deli” cast sheet process used in experimental cigarettes

Coggins¹,

Merski²,

Oldham³

2013

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…The NTP attributed its finding to reflux of the gavage material. Third, deep lung effects are measurable in animals exposed to cigarette smoke as indicated by the glycerol triacetate study (Coggins et al, 2011c). Pigmented macrophages are common findings at the end of the 90-day exposure period, and at the end of the non-exposure recovery period.…”

Section: Inhalationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Insights from a multi-year program designed to test the impact of ingredients on mainstream cigarette smoke toxicity

Gaworski

Wagner

Morton

et al. 2011

Inhalation Toxicology

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A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of cigarette ingredients: essential oils and resins

Abstract: The essential oils and resins tested here as ingredients in experimental cigarettes show minimal toxicological sequelae, even at high inclusion levels. The highest inclusion level for SO showed some equivocal responses.

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Toxicological assessment of kretek cigarettes part 3: Kretek and American-blended cigarettes, inhalation toxicity

Toxicological assessment of kretek cigarettes part 3: Kretek and American-blended cigarettes, inhalation toxicity

A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of the “Deli” cast sheet process used in experimental cigarettes

Insights from a multi-year program designed to test the impact of ingredients on mainstream cigarette smoke toxicity

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