A Comprehensive Collection and Analysis Model for the Drone Forensics Field

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are adaptable and rapid mobile boards that can be applied to several purposes, especially in smart cities. These involve traffic observation, environmental monitoring, and public safety. The need to realize effective drone forensic processes has mainly been reinforced by drone-based evidence. Drone-based evidence collection and preservation entails accumulating and collecting digital evidence from the drone of the victim for subsequent analysis and presentation. Digital evidence must, however, be collected and analyzed in a forensically sound manner using the appropriate collection and analysis methodologies and tools to preserve the integrity of the evidence. For this purpose, various collection and analysis models have been proposed for drone forensics based on the existing literature; several models are inclined towards specific scenarios and drone systems. As a result, the literature lacks a suitable and standardized drone-based collection and analysis model devoid of commonalities, which can solve future problems that may arise in the drone forensics field. Therefore, this paper has three contributions: (a) studies the machine learning existing in the literature in the context of handling drone data to discover criminal actions, (b) highlights the existing forensic models proposed for drone forensics, and (c) proposes a novel comprehensive collection and analysis forensic model (CCAFM) applicable to the drone forensics field using the design science research approach. The proposed CCAFM consists of three main processes: (1) acquisition and preservation, (2) reconstruction and analysis, and (3) post-investigation process. CCAFM contextually leverages the initially proposed models herein incorporated in this study. CCAFM allows digital forensic investigators to collect, protect, rebuild, and examine volatile and nonvolatile items from the suspected drone based on scientific forensic techniques. Therefore, it enables sharing of knowledge on drone forensic investigation among practitioners working in the forensics domain.

A Cybersecurity Awareness Model for the Protection of Saudi Students from Social Media Attacks

“…Various studies have been reported that investigate and recognize cybercrime [22,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], data cracks [23,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50], and other digital risks [24,25,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Drone Forensics: An Innovative Approach to the Forensic Investigation of Drone Accidents Based on Digital Twin Technology

“…Liang et al [21] proposed a forensic structure for the Internet of Things based on blockchain technology. Alotaibi et al [22] provided a comprehensive collection and analysis model for drone forensics which enables the collection of evidence from multiple sources and analysis using automated tools such as machine learning algorithms, while Studiawan et al [23] presented an innovative approach to forensic timeline analyses for drones. These proposed solutions have the potential to improve the efficiency, reliability, and accuracy of drone forensics, as well as to facilitate communication and collaboration among investigators and agencies.…”

“…Cost: Forensic investigators are faced with an additional obstacle due to the quick development of drone technology and related components [22]. Accordingly, drone forensic investigations can be costly due to the need for specialized equipment and personnel to keep pace with this development.…”

Digital Forensic Research for Analyzing Drone and Mobile Device: Focusing on DJI Mavic 2 Pro

“…In terms of forensic model construction, Arafat al-Dhaqm et al (2022) [12] proposed a comprehensive forensic model for theoretical forensics, and the proposed model can investigate different types of drone data adaptively. Fahad Mazaed Alotaibi et al [13] proposed a comprehensive collection and analysis forensic model for drone forensics. By data-interdependent processes and evidence reconstruction, the proposed drone forensics model outperforms other forensics models in terms of standardizing evidence collection.…”