A comprehensive and systematized review of energy-efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks

Maratha, Priti; Gupta, Kapil

doi:10.1080/1206212x.2019.1697513

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These protocols are flat, hierarchical, topology-based, energy-aware, and secure routing protocols. Several energy-efficient routing protocols based on singlepath and multi-path routing were studied and examined by Maratha and Gupta in their study [24]. After evaluating articles based on single path and multi-path routing protocols, routing protocols based on operations and aims are classified.…”

Section: -Classical Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Framework and Comparative Study on Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in WSN with Special Emphasis on Swarm Intelligence Approaches

2023

IJSER

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are gaining popularity due to their low cost and ease of maintenance and management. One of the most challenging issues in WSN is energy conservation. The clustering strategy has the potential to extend the lifespan of WSNs. The selection of Cluster Head (CH) in each cluster is regarded as the capable approach for energy efficient routing in the clustering model, which reduces the transmission latency in the WSN. As a result, the routing method between nodes and sinks must take into account the efficient use of energy. In Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), direct data connection from source cluster head to sink is addressed, leading to inequitable energy consumption of cluster heads CHs and network routing gaps. In this paper, the conceptual framework of clustering in wireless sensor networks based on traditional and optimization categories is explored. In addition, the most relevant up-to-date researches in routing protocols are presented. The study presents a new taxonomy for categorizing current hierarchical energy efficiency routing protocols for WSNs and examines their functionality and performance. Next, the study examines current routing protocols in WSNs, ranging from traditional routing protocols to swarm intelligence-based protocols. LEACH variations are discussed using a taxonomy based on distinct classes, residual energy, centralization, distance, mobility, energy efficiency, and so on. The CH selection, hop count, mobility, scalability, energy efficiency, topology, and deployment are all compared in detail. Finally, Energy efficiency, data aggregation, location awareness, QoS, scalability, load balancing, fault tolerance, query based, and multipath are summarized for the hierarchical routing protocols that fall into both classes.

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Section: -Classical Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Framework and Comparative Study on Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in WSN with Special Emphasis on Swarm Intelligence Approaches

2023

IJSER

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“…Hence, there is a dire need for new protocols to elongate network lifetime and bring stability to the network. 32,33 In this article, we design a protocol, named Threshold-based Energy-aware Zonal Efficiency Measuring hierarchical routing protocol (TEZEM), which is based on the concept of energy-aware zone routing. Initially, we consider that sensor nodes are randomly spread across the sensor field and are stationary.…”

Section: Adaptivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, there is a dire need for new protocols to elongate network lifetime and bring stability to the network. 32,33…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TEZEM: A new energy-efficient routing protocol for next-generation wireless sensor networks

Jaffri

Asif

Khan

et al. 2022

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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The design and implementation of energy-efficient routing protocols for next-generation wireless sensor networks is always a challenge due to limited power resource capabilities. Hierarchical (clustering) routing protocols appeared to be a remarkable solution for extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks, particularly in application-aware (threshold-sensitive) and heterogeneity-aware cluster-based routing protocols. In this article, we propose a protocol, namely, Threshold-based Energy-aware Zonal Efficiency Measuring hierarchical routing protocol. It is a heterogeneity-aware and threshold-based protocol that provides a better solution to existing problems in next-generation wireless sensor networks. During execution, the Threshold-based Energy-aware Zonal Efficiency Measuring hierarchical routing protocol splits the entire network area into several zones to manage network traffic efficiently. In the first step, Threshold-based Energy-aware Zonal Efficiency Measuring hierarchical routing protocol is designed for a homogeneous network where the initial energy of all the nodes is the same. Thereafter, we bring in heterogeneity in the Threshold-based Energy-aware Zonal Efficiency Measuring hierarchical routing protocol execution environment to optimize its energy consumption. By investigating the performance of the various numbers of divisions, it is proved that the Threshold-based Energy-aware Zonal Efficiency Measuring hierarchical routing protocol with 9 zonal divisions has higher stability and throughput. The performance of the proposed Threshold-based Energy-aware Zonal Efficiency Measuring hierarchical routing protocol is compared with those of Stable Election Protocol, Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, Modified Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, and Gateway-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol through computer simulations. Simulation results verify the improved performance of the proposed Threshold-based Energy-aware Zonal Efficiency Measuring hierarchical routing protocol in terms of network stability, lifetime, and throughput.

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“…The survey done by Maratha and Gupta [ 131 ] (as Ogundile and Alfa [ 132 ] had done before in [ 132 ]) classifies energy-efficient routing protocols according to the communication mode towards BS into single-hop or multihop, both cases with and without clustering. In the case of clustering, the mode refers to the communication between CH and BS.…”

Section: Energy Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends on Green Wireless Sensor Networks

López-Ardao

Rodríguez-Rubio

Suárez-González

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The issue of energy balancing in Wireless Sensor Networks is a pivotal one, crucial in their deployment. This problem can be subdivided in three areas: (i) energy conservation techniques, usually implying minimizing the cost of communication at the nodes since it is known that the radio is the biggest consumer of the available energy; (ii) energy-harvesting techniques, converting energy from not full-time available environmental sources and usually storing it; and (iii) energy transfer techniques, sharing energy resources from one node (either specialized or not) to another one. In this article, we survey the main contributions in these three areas and identify the main trending topics in recent research. A discussion and some future directions are also included.

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A comprehensive and systematized review of energy-efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

Conceptual Framework and Comparative Study on Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in WSN with Special Emphasis on Swarm Intelligence Approaches

Conceptual Framework and Comparative Study on Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in WSN with Special Emphasis on Swarm Intelligence Approaches

TEZEM: A new energy-efficient routing protocol for next-generation wireless sensor networks

Current Trends on Green Wireless Sensor Networks

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