A complex wireless sensors model (CWSM) for real time monitoring of dam temperature

Afzal, Jamil; Yihong, Zhou; Afzal, Usama; Aslam, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13371

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, Afzal et al (2022d) used graphene nano-film to study the capacitance and resistance variation with the increase in relative humidity from 0 to 100%RH. Similarly, the commercialized example of the sensors can be seen in the following references (Afzal et al , 2023; Ahmad et al , 2013; Chani et al , 2012; Al-Sehemi et al , 2016; Karimov et al , 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of highly sensitive nickel phthalocyanine based humidity sensor to explore the imprecise data analysis for robot body

Afzal,

Maryam,

Afzal

et al. 2023

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to fabricate a highly sensitive humidity sensor for observing the humidity effect on a robot’s body as an application of the Internet of Things. The sensor has been fabricated by depositing a thin sensing layer of nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) between two silver electrodes. Design/methodology/approach The structure of the thin film was observed by X-ray diffraction, optical properties by UV Vis and surface morphology by scanning electron microscope. The capacitance and the resistance with respect to change in relative humidity from 0 to 100%RH have been measured by LCR meter at 1 kHz. Findings The sensor’s response time is 7.5 s and its recovery time is 3.7 s, with high sensitivity of 127,259 pF/%RH and 332.287 MΩ/%RH. The authors have also used a proposed sensor on a steel body and observed humidity values. The analysis of all measured values was performed through the classical and neutrosophic approaches. By comparing, the authors have observed that the neutrosophic approach is more efficient in analyzing the sensor data. Originality/value In this work, the authors will fabricate a capacitive and resistive-type humidity sensor using the thin film of NiPc. The structural, optical and morphological properties of NiPc thin film will be investigated with different characterization techniques. The electric properties, i.e. capacitance and resistance, will be measured at intervals with an LCR meter by changing relative humidity (%RH). Moreover, the measured data will be analyzed through different statistical approaches, as already used in [12].

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of highly sensitive nickel phthalocyanine based humidity sensor to explore the imprecise data analysis for robot body

Afzal,

Maryam,

Afzal

et al. 2023

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An Overview of Smart Materials and Technologies for Concrete Construction in Cold Weather

Nilimaa

Zhaka

2023

Eng

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Cold weather conditions pose significant challenges to the performance and durability of concrete materials, construction processes, and structures. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the material-related challenges in cold weather concrete construction, including slow setting, reduced curing rate, and slower strength development, as well as frost damage, early freezing, and freeze–thaw actions. Various innovative materials and technologies may be implemented to address these challenges, such as optimizing the concrete mix proportions, chemical admixtures, supplementary cementitious materials, and advanced construction techniques. The paper also examines the impact of weather-related challenges for personnel, equipment, and machinery in cold environments and highlights the importance of effective planning, communication, and management strategies. Results indicate that the successful implementation of appropriate strategies can mitigate the challenges, reduce construction time, and enhance the performance, durability, and sustainability of concrete structures in cold and freezing temperatures. The paper emphasizes the importance of staying updated about the latest advancements and best practices in the field. Future trends include the development of smart and functional concrete materials, advanced manufacturing and construction techniques, integrated design, and optimization of tools, all with a strong focus on sustainability and resilience.

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Exploring the Potential of Promising Sensor Technologies for Concrete Structural Health Monitoring

Shilar,

Ganachari,

Patil

et al. 2024

Materials

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial for maintaining concrete infrastructure. The data collected by these sensors are processed and analyzed using various analysis tools under different loadings and exposure to external conditions. Sensor-based investigation on concrete has been carried out for technologies used for designing structural health monitoring sensors. A Sensor-Infused Structural Analysis such as interfacial bond-slip model, corroded steel bar, fiber-optic sensors, carbon black and polypropylene fiber, concrete cracks, concrete carbonation, strain transfer model, and vibrational-based monitor. The compressive strength (CS) and split tensile strength (STS) values of the analyzed material fall within a range from 26 to 36 MPa and from 2 to 3 MPa, respectively. The material being studied has a range of flexural strength (FS) and density values that fall between 4.5 and 7 MPa and between 2250 and 2550 kg/m3. The average squared difference between the predicted and actual compressive strength values was found to be 4.405. With cement ratios of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, the shear strength value ranged from 4.4 to 5.6 MPa. The maximum shear strength was observed for a water–cement ratio of 0.4, with 5.5 MPa, followed by a water–cement ratio of 0.3, with 5 MPa. Optimizing the water–cement ratio achieves robust concrete (at 0.50), while a lower ratio may hinder strength (at 0.30). PZT sensors and stress-wave measurements aid in the precise structural monitoring, enhanced by steel fibers and carbon black, for improved sensitivity and mechanical properties. These findings incorporate a wide range of applications, including crack detection; strain and deformation analysis; and monitoring of temperature, moisture, and corrosion. This review pioneers sensor technology for concrete monitoring (Goal 9), urban safety (Goal 11), climate resilience (Goal 13), coastal preservation (Goal 14), and habitat protection (Goal 15) of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.

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A complex wireless sensors model (CWSM) for real time monitoring of dam temperature

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Use of highly sensitive nickel phthalocyanine based humidity sensor to explore the imprecise data analysis for robot body

Use of highly sensitive nickel phthalocyanine based humidity sensor to explore the imprecise data analysis for robot body

An Overview of Smart Materials and Technologies for Concrete Construction in Cold Weather

Exploring the Potential of Promising Sensor Technologies for Concrete Structural Health Monitoring

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