A comparison of words and icons as external memory aids in an information retrieval task

Situational Awareness in Complex Systems

“…(p. 5). This observation is supported by psychological research on retrieval cues (e.g., Tulving and Thomson, 1973) and research that demonstrates that subject-generated memory aids (i.e., hand-written notes, annotation of to-be-recalled items with a self-generated icon) facilitate memory retrieval (Intons-Peterson and Fournier, 1986;Lansdale, Simpson, and Stroud, 1990).…”

Exploring memory in email refinding

“…Their findings indicate that semantic labels provide stronger retrieval cues than spatial organisation alone, although combinations of semantic and spatial organisation can enhance performance. Lansdale and Simpson [1990] extended this finding by discovering that semantic and spatial cues are enhanced when the user selects the cues themselves, rather than having them selected by an external party. There is also evidence in the PIM literature for the utility of temporal and episodic memories.…”

“…This indicates that there may be benefit in employing systems that prompt the participant to use particular attributes when re-finding. Cues have been explored in the past, for example in the work of Lansdale and Simpson [1990] and in . However, it would also be interesting to determine how systems that prompt for different attributes alter the re-finding performance of participants.…”

Modalités et scénarios d’interaction dans des hypermédias d’apprentissage

“…On a pu, par exemple, étudier les effets liés à la compréhen-sion des icônes fonctionnels, à la place de la barre de menu sur l'écran, etc. (Cherry, Fischer, Fryer et Steckman, 1989;Giroux et Belleau, 1986;Kaltenbach, Robillard et Frasson, 1991;Lansdale, Simpson et Stroud, 1990;Waterworth, Chignell et Zhai, 1993). Ces recherches ont beau être nombreuses, on ne peut s'empêcher de penser, devant la difficulté à reproduire des résultats, que cette problématique dépend essentiellement de conventions qui, bien qu'elles aient tendance à se stabiliser, évoluent dans le temps.…”