A Comparison of Wireless Standards in IoT for Indoor Localization Using LoPy

Abstract

There are surplus applications in modern smart cities where localization of indoor environments is critical ranging from surveillance and trailing in smart structures to the localized wireless distribution of advertising content in shopping malls. These applications are only successful if a robust and cost-effective real-time system is developed for precise localization. Another aspect considered for indoor localization is power consumption. Recent wireless standards such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and LoRa consume less power which makes them a perfect candidate for indoor localization. This work aims to carry out an experimental evaluation which would help to decide which wireless standard i.e., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and LoRa are most suitable for indoor localization. Experiments are carried out using trilateration in three multiple environments. RSSI is used to calculate the coordinates of a sensor node. Results obtained from the experiment show that Wi-Fi is most accurate with an average error of 0.54 m. LoRa is second most accurate with an average error of 0.62 m and BLE is the least accurate with an average error of 0.82 m. These results can be used to decide which wireless standard is best suited for indoor localization.

Experimental Evaluation of Trilateration-Based Outdoor Localization with LoRaWAN

“…In [20], the trilateration technique is used to determine the localization accuracy between Wi-Fi, BLE, and Long Range (LoRa) in an indoor environment. The authors concluded that the Wi-Fi had the highest accuracy of 0.54 m. The LoRa had an accuracy of 0.62 m, but their findings were limited to three different environments having a graduate lab of 24 × 24 square feet area, a corridor of 23 × 23 square feet, and a classroom with an area of 50 × 30 square feet.…”

Indoor Positioning Systems: A Blessing for Seamless Object Identification, Monitoring, and Tracking

“…Several smart factories have emerged by inculcating UWB ( 5 ). Khan et al ( 6 ) defend various wireless technologies, including Wi-Fi and LoRa, to be the most worthy of implementing indoor localization applications because of it being vigorous, affordable, and able to utilize a minimum amount of power.…”

LoRaWAN Communication Implementation Platforms

“…It is a good choice for Smart Home solutions, which allows users to monitor and reduce energy consumption and control many processes. Nowadays, every smart device (wearables, latest home appliances, consumer electronics) has a built-in Wi-Fi module, which allows for easy and fast communication with other devices that can collect and monitor data [6]. Wi-Fi technology is the most popular and currently the most developed for Smart solutions.…”