A comparison of verdazyl radicals modified at the 3-position as mediators in the living radical polymerisation of styrene and n-butyl acrylate

ChemInform Abstract: Redox Active Compounds in Controlled Radical Polymerization and Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Mutual Solutions to Disparate Problems

“…The cycle is completed by the flow of electrons to the semiconductor at the working electrode. [11] verdazyl, [12,13] triazolinyl, [14] cobalt complexes [15,16] dithiocarbamates b [17] and disulfides [18] b) atom transfer radicalpolymerization (ATRP;bimolecular)…”

“…For example, verdazyl radicals (shown in Figure 1) have been shown to mediate butyl acrylate and styrene polymerizations efficiently,a lbeit at high temperatures. [12,13] The potential of this species to act as mediators in DSSCs is heightened by the known values of redox potentials which lie in the region of interest for the most commonly used dye species. [93] In addition, other nitrogen-based stable radicalspecies such as triazolinyl and benzotriazinyl radicals, whichh ave previouslyb een shown to mediate radical polymerization of styrenem ay offer the possibilityf or efficient use in DSSCs.…”

Redox Active Compounds in Controlled Radical Polymerization and Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Mutual Solutions to Disparate Problems

“…stable radicals including nitroxide, [11] verdazyl, [12,13] triazolinyl, [14] cobalt complexes [15,16] dithiocarbamates b [17] and disulfides [18] b) atom transfer radicalpolymerization (ATRP;bimolecular)…”

“…[92] 2.3.2. [12,13] The potential of this species to act as mediators in DSSCs is heightened by the known values of redox potentials which lie in the region of interest for the most commonly used dye species. For example, verdazyl radicals (shown in Figure 1) have been shown to mediate butyl acrylate and styrene polymerizations efficiently,a lbeit at high temperatures.…”

Triazine-mediated controlled radical polymerization: new unimolecular initiators

“…1 (a) 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy (TEMPO) and (b) benzo-1,2,4-triazinyl (triazine) stable radicals. In hopes of overcoming these issues, many other stable radicals have been evaluated for controlled polymerization, including (arylazo)oxy, 18 borinate, 19 triazolinyl, [20][21][22][23] and verdazyl [24][25][26][27][28] radicals. Of these, only triazolinyl and verdazyl radicals have been shown to control polymerizations, and these only for styrene and acrylates.…”