A Comparison of Three Self-Report Pain Scales in Adults With Acute Pain

Bahreini, Maryam; Jalili, Mohammad; Moradi‐Lakeh, Maziar

doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.07.039

Cited by 86 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Whilst VAS and NRS are highly correlated, the correlation coefficients between VAS or NRS and ordinal scales vary between studies (Williamson & Hoggart 2005, Hjermstad et al 2011, Bahreini et al 2015. It has been pointed out that the visual analogue scale (VAS), the numerical rating scale (NRS) and ordinal scales are valid and reliable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been pointed out that the visual analogue scale (VAS), the numerical rating scale (NRS) and ordinal scales are valid and reliable. Whilst VAS and NRS are highly correlated, the correlation coefficients between VAS or NRS and ordinal scales vary between studies (Williamson & Hoggart 2005, Hjermstad et al 2011, Bahreini et al 2015. The normalization of the different scales used in the included studies enabled their comparison in the meta-analysis; however, the lack of a perfect correlation between the different scales may have influenced the heterogeneity of the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of adjusting the pH of local anaesthetics in dentistry: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

2018

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The acidic nature of commercial local anaesthetics (LAs) can cause pain during infiltration and delay the onset of anaesthesia. It is suggested that adjusting the pH of anaesthetic agents could minimize these effects. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of buffered LAs in reducing infiltration pain and onset time during dental procedures. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Scielo databases were searched up to April 2017. Randomized controlled trials comparing buffered and unbuffered LAs for intraoral injections were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Data upon injection pain and onset time were pooled in a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses compared normal and inflamed tissues, and terminal infiltrations and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) blocks. Meta-regressions were performed to explain heterogeneity. Fourteen articles were included in this review. Lidocaine with epinephrine was the most used anaesthetic combination. Nonlidocaine studies (n = 2) were not pooled in the meta-analysis. Buffered lidocaine did not result in less pain during intraoral injections: mean difference -6.4 (95% CI -12.81 to 0.01) units in a 0-100 scale. Alkalinized lidocaine did not reduce the onset time in normal tissues when terminal infiltration techniques were used, but resulted in a more rapid onset for IAN blocks (-1.26 min) and in inflamed tissues (-1.37 min); however, this change may not be clinically relevant, considering the time required to prepare the buffered agent. Studies performed using other anaesthetic salts did not show robust and clinically significant results in favour of alkalinization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of adjusting the pH of local anaesthetics in dentistry: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

2018

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“…For the NRS pain score, the subjects will be asked to report overall pain intensity on a single 11-point numeric scale, with 0 indicating "no pain" and 10 representing "the worst imaginable pain" [33]. Although studies have shown that both the VAS and NRS have similar sensitivity in pain assessments, the VAS is believed to have a higher degree of precision [34,35]. However, the NRS has the advantage that it can be used effectively across all types of disorders because it is easy and simple.…”

Section: Blind Assessment ○mentioning

confidence: 99%

Jakyakgamcho-tang in the relief of delayed-onset muscle soreness in healthy adults: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design clinical trial

Han

Kwon

Jung

et al. 2020

Trials

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Background: Muscle soreness after exercise, called delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), may cause significant changes in muscle function and may increase the risk of sports injuries. Therefore, various therapeutic strategies have been studied to help recovery after exercise. Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) is a widely prescribed herbal medicine to treat muscle pain and cramps in traditional Eastern medicine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of JGT for reducing pain and improving muscle damage after exercise.Methods: This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design clinical trial. A total of 30 healthy male adults will be recruited. Subjects who voluntarily wish to participate in this study will be hospitalized for 4 days. On the first day, the subjects will perform a standardized treadmill exercise for 1 h to induce DOMS. After the exercise, the subjects will take either JGT or a placebo for 3 days. After a more than 1 week wash-out period, the subjects will repeat the same process with the other drug. Pain intensity, calf circumference, and pain threshold will be measured as outcome measures. Blood tests and blood pressure will be measured as safety assessments. In addition, blood tests for muscle damage and inflammation markers, such as creatine kinase, interleukin-6, and Creactive protein, will be analyzed.Discussion: This will be the first trial to assess the effect of JGT on exercise-induced muscle soreness. Our findings will provide valuable data to determine the clinical effects of JGT on DOMS.

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“…For the NRS pain score, the subjects will be asked to report overall pain intensity on a single 11-point numeric scale, with 0 indicating "no pain" and 10 representing "the worst imaginable pain" (33). Although studies have shown that both VAS and NRS have similar sensitivity in pain assessments, VAS is believed to have a higher degree of precision (34,35). On the other hand, NRS has the advantage that it can be used effectively across all type of disorders because it is easy and simple.…”

Section: Pain Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Jakyakgamcho-tang in the Relief of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Healthy Adults: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design clinical trial

Han

Kwon

Jung

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Muscle soreness after exercise, or so-called delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), may cause significant changes to muscle function and may increase the risk of sports injuries. Therefore, various therapeutic strategies have been studied to help recovery after exercise. Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) is a widely prescribed herbal medicine to treat muscle pain and cramps in traditional Eastern medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of JGT for reducing pain and improving muscle damage after exercise. Methods This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design clinical trial. A total of 30 healthy male adults will be recruited. Subjects who voluntarily wish to participate in this study will be hospitalized for 4 days. On the first day, the subjects will perform a standardized treadmill exercise for 1 hour to induce DOMS. After the exercise, the subjects will take either JGT or a placebo for 3 days. After a more than 1 week wash-out period, the subjects will repeat the same process with the other drug. Pain intensity, calf circumference, and pain threshold will be measured as outcome measures. Blood tests and blood pressure will be measured as safety assessments. In addition, blood tests for muscle damage and inflammation markers, such as creatine kinase, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein will be analyzed. Discussion This will be the first trial to assess the effect of JGT on exercise-induced muscle soreness. Our findings will provide valuable data to determine the clinical effects of JGT on DOMS.

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A Comparison of Three Self-Report Pain Scales in Adults With Acute Pain

Cited by 86 publications

References 24 publications

The effect of adjusting the pH of local anaesthetics in dentistry: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

The effect of adjusting the pH of local anaesthetics in dentistry: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Jakyakgamcho-tang in the relief of delayed-onset muscle soreness in healthy adults: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design clinical trial

Jakyakgamcho-tang in the Relief of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Healthy Adults: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design clinical trial

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