A comparison of the regional depesition in a model nose of a drug discharged from metered serosel and metered-pump nasal delivery systems

Glucocorticosteroids and rhinitis

“…Such sprays are very easy to use, but because of the high linear velocity of the aerosol close to the actuator orifice, the drug distribution in the nasal cavity is poor (62,HI,119). The drug simply hits the mucous membrane "like a bullet from a gun".…”

“…More recently, both BDP and BUD have become available as aqueous suspensions, also delivered from pump sprays, and FP was launched as such. It is an advantage of this type of spray that it gives a better intranasal distribution than does a pressurized aerosol (62,111,119). However, there is usually some overspill of fluid to the nostril, and, in addition, the preservative added (benzalconium chloride) inhibits cihary activity (13,74).…”

Nasal Rhinomanometry and Experimental Nasal Challenges

“…This approach is easily carried out by almost all adults and most children. Posterior rhinomanometry does not require instrumentation of the nares and is therefore superior; however, some 15 shows less scatter and greater consistency when compared to anterior rhinomanometry. 6 The two methods seem to produce similar results in children and subjects with only mild or moderate airway obstruction.…”

A Comparison of the Deposition Patterns of Different Nasal Spray Formulations Using a Nasal Cast

“…However, the requirement of high computational power and the high complexity of the model construction limit its application in practice. A variety of inexpensive in vitro deposition methods have been employed based on physical human nasal airway models, such as a simplified glass nose model (Hallworth and Padfield 1986), and more sophisticated multisectional nasal casts made of acrylic resin or nylon (Cheng et al 2001;Shah et al 2013). The drug-deposition pattern was determined by disassembling the cast and measuring the amount of active drug retained in each section.…”