A comparison of the effects of parental risk markers on pre- and perinatal variables in multiple patient cohorts with fetal alcohol syndrome, autism, Tourette syndrome, and sudden infant death syndrome: an enviromic analysis

Klug, Marilyn G.; Burd, Larry; Kerbeshian, Jacob; Benz, Becky; Martsolf, John T.

doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2003.07.018

Cited by 31 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…72,[146][147][148][149][150][151][152] A significant association between term newborn encephalopathy and children later diagnosed with ASD was reported recently. 72,150 Badawi et al 150 reported that 5% of survivors of newborn encephalopathy were diagnosed with an ASD, which represented an almost sixfold increase compared with matched controls.…”

Section: Perinatal Periodmentioning

confidence: 85%

Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Johnson

Myers²

2007

Pediatrics

1,660

1,038

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Autism spectrum disorders are not rare; many primary care pediatricians care for several children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatricians play an important role in early recognition of autism spectrum disorders, because they usually are the first point of contact for parents. Parents are now much more aware of the early signs of autism spectrum disorders because of frequent coverage in the media; if their child demonstrates any of the published signs, they will most likely raise their concerns to their child's pediatrician. It is important that pediatricians be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders and have a strategy for assessing them systematically. Pediatricians also must be aware of local resources that can assist in making a definitive diagnosis of, and in managing, autism spectrum disorders. The pediatrician must be familiar with developmental, educational, and community resources as well as medical subspecialty clinics. This clinical report is 1 of 2 documents that replace the original American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement and technical report published in 2001. This report addresses background information, including definition, history, epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, early signs, neuropathologic aspects, and etiologic possibilities in autism spectrum disorders. In addition, this report provides an algorithm to help the pediatrician develop a strategy for early identification of children with autism spectrum disorders. The accompanying clinical report addresses the management of children with autism spectrum disorders and follows this report on page 1162 [available at www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/120/5/1162]. Both clinical reports are complemented by the toolkit titled “Autism: Caring for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Resource Toolkit for Clinicians,” which contains screening and surveillance tools, practical forms, tables, and parent handouts to assist the pediatrician in the identification, evaluation, and management of autism spectrum disorders in children.

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Section: Perinatal Periodmentioning

confidence: 85%

Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Johnson

Myers²

2007

Pediatrics

1,660

1,038

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“…Although the reasons for this association are not entirely clear, perinatal insults may disrupt development or migration of neuronal elements in cortical-striatal-thalamic circuits known to be involved in OCD (Fitzgerald et al 1999;Rauch and Savage 1997). In view of the critical importance of the perinatal period as a time of neural growth, it is not surprising that this developmental phase should be an area of scientific interest regarding putative environmental risk factors for psychiatric illness (Burd et al 1999a;Burd et al 1999b;Klug et al 2003). Several significant group differences between OCD and control subjects such as "maternal illnesses requiring medical care," "frequent switching of milk formulas," and "other infant events (e.g., infection during infancy)" could also suggest a genetic immune vulnerability in both mother and child as another possible etiological mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risperidone-Induced Priapism in a 12-Year-Old Boy with Schizophrenia

Prabhuswamy

Srinath

Girimaji

et al. 2007

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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Objective: To examine whether adverse perinatal experiences of children are associated with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in youth. Methods: Subjects were 130 children and adolescents with OCD recruited from a family genetic study of pediatric OCD and 49 matched controls from a contemporaneous family case-control study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Subjects were comprehensively assessed in multiple domains of function. A systematic history of pregnancy, delivery, and infancy complications was obtained. Results: Compared to normal controls, children with OCD had mothers with significantly higher rates of illness during pregnancy requiring medical care ( 2 ϭ 8.61, p ϭ 0.003) and more birth difficulties (induced labor, forceps delivery, nuchal cord, or prolonged labor) ( 2 ϭ 7.51, p ϭ 0.006). Among the OCD-affected children, we found several significant associations between adverse perinatal experiences and earlier age at onset, increased OCD severity, and increased risk for comorbid ADHD, chronic tic disorder, anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder. Conclusion: Although exploratory, our analyses found that children with OCD had higher rates of several adverse perinatal experiences compared with controls. Among OCD-affected children, comorbid psychopathology was predicted by specific perinatal risk factors. Prospective studies of perinatal adverse events that minimize potential recall bias and type I errors are needed. 373

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“…In total, 65 studies 2,8-71 were eligible for inclusion in the review. Two studies 13,28 reporting on the same data set were considered together, resulting in 64 studies for review. This report focuses on the perinatal and neonatal factors because a previous publication 7 reviewed the prenatal exposures.…”

Section: Methods Data Sources and Review Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis

2011

PEDIATRICS

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Autism etiology is unknown, although perinatal and neonatal exposures have been the focus of epidemiologic research for more than 40 years. Although studies show that obstetrical and neonatal complications may increase autism risk, the specific complications and magnitude of effect have been inconsistent. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: OBJECTIVE:To provide the first review and meta-analysis of the association between perinatal and neonatal factors and autism risk. METHODS:PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo databases were searched for studies that examined the association between perinatal and neonatal factors and autism through March 2007. Forty studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. For each exposure, a summary effect estimate was calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity in effect estimates across studies was examined, and, if found, a metaregression was conducted to identify measured methodological factors that could explain between-study variability. RESULTS:Over 60 perinatal and neonatal factors were examined. Factors associated with autism risk in the meta-analysis were abnormal presentation, umbilical-cord complications, fetal distress, birth injury or trauma, multiple birth, maternal hemorrhage, summer birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, congenital malformation, low 5-minute Apgar score, feeding difficulties, meconium aspiration, neonatal anemia, ABO or Rh incompatibility, and hyperbilirubinemia. Factors not associated with autism risk included anesthesia, assisted vaginal delivery, postterm birth, high birth weight, and head circumference. CONCLUSIONS:There is insufficient evidence to implicate any 1 perinatal or neonatal factor in autism etiology, although there is some evidence to suggest that exposure to a broad class of conditions reflecting general compromises to perinatal and neonatal health may increase the risk. Methodological variations were likely sources of heterogeneity of risk factor effects across studies. Pediatrics 2011;128: 344-355

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A comparison of the effects of parental risk markers on pre- and perinatal variables in multiple patient cohorts with fetal alcohol syndrome, autism, Tourette syndrome, and sudden infant death syndrome: an enviromic analysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Risperidone-Induced Priapism in a 12-Year-Old Boy with Schizophrenia

Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis

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