A comparison of the effects of chlorhexidine gluconate, amphotericin B and nystatin on the adherence of <i>Candida</i> species to denture acrylic

McCourtie, Jane; MacFarlane, T. W.; Samaranayake, LP

doi:10.1093/jac/17.5.575

Cited by 65 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Nystatin, like amphotericin B, is capable of suppressing adhesion of C. albicans to buccal epithelial cells both in vivo and in vitro (Macura, 1988;Vuddhakul et al, 1988;Abu-El Teen et al, 1989;Darwazeh et al, 1997), and also to vaginal epithelial cells (Braga et al, 1996). Further, nystatin was shown to be capable of reducing oropharyngeal colonization by C. albicans in CD4+ T-cell-deficient mice (Flattery et al, 1996), and reducing candidal adhesion to denture acrylic pre-treated with the drug (McCourtie et al, 1986). In addition, the ability of nystatin to cause inhibition of germ tube formation by C. albicans has also been reported (Abu -El Teen et al, 1989).…”

Section: (F) Median Rhomboid Glossitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…O'Grady, 1992;Finch and Snyder, 1994;Lesse, 1995 (Brenciaglia et al, 1986;Macura, 1988;Vuddhakul et al, 1988;Abu-El Teen et al, 1989), and inhibits their germ tube formation (Brenciaglia et al, 1986;Abu-El Teen et al, 1989). On the other hand, amphotericin B pre-exposed denture acrylic suppresses candidal adhesion to a significant extent (McCourtie et al, 1986). The former effects may be due to the mechanism of action of amphotericin B on the candidal cell wall, while the latter may be due to the blocking of the yeast attachment sites on the denture acrylic by the drug.…”

Section: (F) Median Rhomboid Glossitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, it is capable of significantly suppressing candidal adhesion to both inorganic and organic substrates. Many studies have clearly demonstrated the latter property of chlorhexidine gluconate, particularly in suppressing candidal adhesion to denture acrylic surfaces (McCourtie et al, 1985(McCourtie et al, , 1986Kamalakshi et al, 1992). Further, exposure of buccal epithelial cells to chlorhexidine gluconate, either in vivo or in vitro, significantly reduces the adhesion of Candida to buccal cells (Tobgi et al, 1987;Audus et al, 1992).…”

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Oral Candidal Infections and Antimycotics

Ellepola

Samaranayake

2000

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

210

236

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The advent of the human immunodeficiency virus infection and the increasing prevalence of compromised individuals in the community due to modern therapeutic advances have resulted in a resurgence of opportunistic infections, including oral candidoses. One form of the latter presents classically as a white lesion of "thrush" and is usually easily diagnosed and cured. Nonetheless, a minority of these lesions appears in new guises such as erythematous candidosis, thereby confounding the unwary clinician and complicating its management. Despite the availability of several effective antimycotics for the treatment of oral candidoses, failure of therapy is not uncommon due to the unique environment of the oral cavity, where the flushing effect of saliva and the cleansing action of the oral musculature tend to reduce the drug concentration to sub-therapeutic levels. This problem has been partly circumvented by the introduction of the triazole agents, which initially appeared to be highly effective. However, an alarming increase of organisms resistant to the triazoles has been reported recently. In this review, an overview of clinical manifestations of oral candidoses and recent advances in antimycotic therapy is given, together with newer concepts, such as the post-antifungal effect (PAFE) and its possible therapeutic implications.

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Section: (F) Median Rhomboid Glossitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (F) Median Rhomboid Glossitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Oral Candidal Infections and Antimycotics

Ellepola

Samaranayake

2000

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

210

236

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“…Different approaches have been tried to block the adhesion of C. albicans to plastic materials, including the use of sugars (Edgerton et al, 1993), histatin 5 (Edgerton et al, 1995) and saliva (Samaranayake et al, 1980 ;McCourtie & Douglas, 1981 ;McCourtie et al, 1986). Since the adhesion of C. albicans to plastic has been shown to be mediated by cell wall mannoproteins (Tronchin et al, 1988) and salivary sIgA reacts with mannoproteins of C. albicans of different molecular masses (Ponto!…”

Section: Inhibition Of Adhesion Of C Albicans To Polystyrene By Mabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of salivary secretory IgA on the adhesion of Candida albicans to polystyrene

et al. 2000

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Attachment of Candida albicans to plastic materials of dental prostheses or to salivary macromolecules adsorbed on their surface is believed to be a critical event in the development of denture stomatitis. In an earlier study, it was shown that adhesion of C. albicans to polystyrene, a model system to study the adhesion of C. albicans to plastic materials, can be partially inhibited with an mAb directed against cell wall polysaccharides of C. albicans. In the present study, the role of whole saliva in the adhesion of C. albicans to polystyrene has been investigated, and three mAbs directed against epitopes of cell wall mannoproteins have been used to mimic the inhibitory effect observed with salivary secretory IgA (sIgA) on the adhesion of C. albicans to polystyrene. In the absence of whole saliva, adherence of C. albicans 3153 increased with germination. However, the presence of whole saliva enhanced the adhesion to polystyrene of C. albicans 3153 yeast cells but decreased the adhesion of germinated cells. The enhancement of adhesion of yeast cells to polystyrene mediated by saliva was confirmed with an agerminative mutant of C. albicans 3153. The inhibition of the adhesion of C. albicans 3153 germ tubes to polystyrene was due to the salivary sIgA since sIgA-depleted saliva enhanced the adhesion of C. albicans 3153 to polystyrene. The inhibitory effect mediated by sIgA was not related to the inhibition of germination but to the blockage of adhesins expressed on the cell wall surface of the germ tubes. The three mAbs studied reduced the adhesion of C. albicans 3153 to polystyrene at levels equivalent to those for purified sIgA. The highest reduction in the adhesion was obtained with the IgA mAb N3B. The best results were obtained when the three mAbs were combined. The results suggest that whole saliva plays a different role in the adhesion of C. albicans to polystyrene depending on the morphological phase of C. albicans. These results may give new insights into the conflicting role of saliva in the adhesion of C. albicans to plastic materials of dental prostheses.

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“…Further, it has been demonstrated that exposure of either Candida isolates or buccal epithelial cells to 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate profoundly suppressed their ability to adhere to buccal epithelial cells in healthy individuals [10] as well as in diabetics [11]. Moreover, pretreatment of acrylic dentures with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate has also been shown to suppress the adhesion of Candida to the denture's acrylic surfaces [12]. Exposure to chlorhexidine gluconate has also elicited the ability to reduce the cell surface hydrophobicity of these species[13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Subtherapeutic Concentrations of Chlorhexidine Gluconate on Germ Tube Formation of Oral <i>Candida</i>

Ellepola

Joseph²,

Khan

2011

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of brief exposure to subtherapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate on germ tube formation of Candida albicans isolates obtained from smokers, diabetics, asthmatics using steroid inhalers and healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Forty isolates of C. albicans were used in this study. All these isolates were quantified for germ tube formation without exposure to the drug and were used as the control group for data analysis. Isolates were also exposed to three subtherapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate (0.00125, 0.0025 and 0.005%) for 30 min (limited exposure); the antiseptic was then removed and germ tube formation of these isolates was quantified microscopically following incubation in a germ tube-inducing medium. Results: Compared with the unexposed controls, brief exposure to all concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate suppressed the ability of the C. albicans isolates to form germ tubes in increasing order by 13.72% (p < 0.001 to p = 0.02), 46.16% (p < 0.001) and 72.46% (p <0.001). Conclusions: These findings show that brief exposure to subtherapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate may modulate germ tube formation of C. albicans isolates, thereby suppressing their pathogenicity, and further elucidate the pharmacodynamic mechanisms by which chlorhexidine gluconate may operate in vivo.

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A comparison of the effects of chlorhexidine gluconate, amphotericin B and nystatin on the adherence of Candida species to denture acrylic

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Oral Candidal Infections and Antimycotics

Oral Candidal Infections and Antimycotics

Effect of salivary secretory IgA on the adhesion of Candida albicans to polystyrene

Effects of Subtherapeutic Concentrations of Chlorhexidine Gluconate on Germ Tube Formation of Oral <i>Candida</i>

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