A comparison of sources of supplementary nitrogen for young cattle receiving fibre-rich diets

Smith, Tim; Broster, Valerie J.; Hill, R.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600088080

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…These findings are in accord with those of Smith et al (1980a), who showed a higher response to FM supplementation when the diets were rich in straw or oat hulls than when they were rich in maize. With the exception of the FM treatment, the increase in rate of gain from CP supplementation for the LMEC diets was not significant, whilst for the HMEC diets it was highly significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Interactions between supplementary nitrogen source and ration energy density on performance and nitrogen utilization in growing and fattening male cattle

Holzer¹,

Levy²,

Samuel³

et al. 1986

Anim. Sci.

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Four diets containing 9-6 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg dry matter (DM) (LMEC), and four diets containing 11-3 MJ/kg DM (HMEC) were formulated. One diet of each ME concentration contained 90 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM and served as a negative control (NC). In the three other diets of each ME concentration, the level of CP was raised to 140 g/kg DM by inclusion of poultry litter (PL), non-protein nitrogen (NPN) or fish meal (FM). These diets were examined in a digestion and N balance trial and in a feeding trial.For the NC, PL, NPN and FM subtreatments of the LMEC diets, DM intakes were 107-1, 112-4, 100-6 and 130-2 g/kg M 075 respectively; digestibility coefficients of organic matter (OM) were 0-64, 0-70, 0-67 and 0-71 respectively; and N retention 0-40, 0-76, 0-53 and 1-21 g/kg M 075 respectively. For the respective subtreatments of the HMEC diets, the values were: 100-4, 119-4, 109-3, 107-5 for DM intake; 0-64, 0-73, 0-73, 0-73 for digestibility coefficients of OM and 0-40, 0-87, 1-06 and 1-03 g/kg M 075 for N retention.Daily gain on the respective diets in the first 130 days of the feeding trial was 0-85, 0-90, 0-91, 1-04 kg for the LMEC and 1-09, 1-21, 119, 1-24 kg for the HMEC diets, and from the 131st day to slaughter was 0-98, 1-02, 100, 1-08 kg for the LMEC and 1-03, 1-02, 1-07, 1-05 kg for the HMEC diets respectively. Daily carcass gain was 0-49, 0-51, 0-51, 0-53 kg for the LMEC and 0-55, 0-59, 0-59, 0-60 kg for the HMEC diets, respectively.The relationship between ME concentration in the diet and source of CP is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Interactions between supplementary nitrogen source and ration energy density on performance and nitrogen utilization in growing and fattening male cattle

Holzer¹,

Levy²,

Samuel³

et al. 1986

Anim. Sci.

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“…Possibly amino acids from fishmeal were absorbed in the small intestine, catabolized and nitrogen recycled to enhance the animal's nitrogen status (0rskov 1982). Smith et al (1980) reported that with straw-rich diets in which the N content of the basal diet exceeded 13-6 g N/kg urea, and fishmeal supplements, supported similar intakes and digestibility although urea led to lower growth and N retention than fishmeal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of sodium hydroxide and of energy and protein supplements on the voluntary intake and digestibility of barley, oat and wheat straw by cattle

Ng’ambi

Campling

1991

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYThree change-over experiments with yearling cattle examined the effects on voluntary intake and digestibility of treating barley, oat and wheat straws with NaOH. Increases in intake due to the NaOH treatment were: with barley straw 31 %, oat straw 9% and with wheat straw 1 %, and the corresponding improvements in digestibility were 36, 13 and 24%. A further three experimentswith yearling heifers and steers measured the effects of supplements on the responsein feeding value to NaOH treatment of wheat straw. Increasing the daily supplement of rolled barley from 10 to 3·4 kg led to a decrease in voluntary intake of treated straw from 4·6 to 3·6 kg organic matter (OM), while including urea, to increase the concentrationof nitrogenin a beet pulp supplement from 19 to 24 gN/kg dry matter (DM), gave an increasein intakeof straw from 3·4 to 4·8 kg OM. Providing more than c. 15 gN/kg dietary DM did not lead to a significant increase in voluntary intake or digestibility. In a further experiment, isonitrogenous supplements of rolled barley and soyabean meal, or rolled barley and fishmeal, led to similar intakes and digestibilities of treatedstraw. The variation in response to NaOH treatment is discussed.

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“…This implies that at least part of the response could be related to overcoming the limited supply of rumen-degradable nitrogen for rumen microbes. Soybean meal has some-times increased diet digestibility more than isonitrogenous urea supplementation (Poos et al, 1979;Smith et al, 1980), suggesting that the form of nitrogen also may influence ruminal fiber digestion.…”

Section: Effects Of Protein Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of feed digestion in dairy cows. 1. The effects of forage and concentrate factors on total diet digestibility

Nousiainen

Rinne

Huhtanen

2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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A meta-analysis based on published experiments with lactating dairy cows was conducted to study the effects of dietary forage and concentrate factors on apparent total diet digestibility. A data set was collected that included a total of 497 dietary treatment means from 92 studies. The diets were based on grass silage or on legume or whole-crop cereal silages partly or completely substituted for grass silage. The silages were supplemented with concentrates given at a flat rate within a dietary comparison. For the statistical evaluation, the data were divided into 5 subsets to quantify silage (digestibility, 42 diets in 17 studies; fermentation characteristics, 108 diets in 39 studies) and concentrate (amount of supplementation, 142 diets in 59 studies; concentration of crude protein, 215 diets in 82 studies; carbohydrate composition, 66 diets in 23 studies) factors on total diet digestibility. The diet digestibility of dairy cows was determined by total fecal collection or by using acid-insoluble ash as an internal marker. Diet organic matter digestibility (OMD) at a maintenance level of feeding (OMD(m)) was estimated using sheep in vivo or corresponding in vitro digestibility values for the forage and reported ingredient and chemical composition values, with tabulated digestibility coefficients for the concentrate components of the diet. A mixed model regression analysis was used to detect the responses of different dietary factors on apparent total diet digestibility. Improved silage OMD(m) resulting from earlier harvest was translated into improved production-level OMD in cows (OMD(p)). The effects of silage fermentation characteristics on OMD(p) were quantitatively small, although sometimes significant. Concentrate supplementation improved total diet OMD(m), but this was not realized in lactating dairy cows because of linearly decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility as concentrate intake increased. Increasing the concentrate crude protein amount quadratically improved OMD(p) in cows, with the response being mostly due to improved NDF digestibility. Replacement of starchy concentrates with fibrous by-products slightly decreased OMD(p) but tended to improve NDF digestibility. The true digestibility of cell solubles (OM - NDF) estimated by the Lucas test both from all data and from the data subsets was not significantly different from 1.00, suggesting that responses in OMD(p) of dairy cows are mediated through changes in the concentration and digestibility of NDF.

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A comparison of sources of supplementary nitrogen for young cattle receiving fibre-rich diets

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Interactions between supplementary nitrogen source and ration energy density on performance and nitrogen utilization in growing and fattening male cattle

Interactions between supplementary nitrogen source and ration energy density on performance and nitrogen utilization in growing and fattening male cattle

Effects of sodium hydroxide and of energy and protein supplements on the voluntary intake and digestibility of barley, oat and wheat straw by cattle

A meta-analysis of feed digestion in dairy cows. 1. The effects of forage and concentrate factors on total diet digestibility

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