A comparison of partially acetylated nanocellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, and nanoclay as fillers for high‐performance polylactide nanocomposites

Abstract

Partially acetylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were chemically extracted from sisal fibers and the performance of those CNF as nanofillers for polylactide (PLA) for food packaging applications was evaluated. Three PLA nanocomposites; PLA/CNF (cellulose nanofibers), PLA/CNC (nanocrystalline cellulose), and PLA/C30B (Cloisite TM 30B, an organically modified montmorillonite clay)were prepared and their properties were evaluated. It was found that CNF reinforced composites showed a larger decrease on oxygen transmission rate (OTR) than the clay-based composites; (PLA/CNF 1% nanocomposite showed a 63% of reduction at 238C and 50% RH while PLA/C30B 1% showed a 26% decrease) and similar behavior on terms of water vapor barrier properties with 46 and 43%, respectively of decrease on water vapor transmission rate at 238C and 50% RH (relative humidity). In terms of mechanical and thermomechanical properties, CNF-based nanocomposites showed better performance than clay-based composites without affecting significantly the optical transparency.

Crystallization of triethyl‐citrate‐plasticized poly(lactic acid) induced by chitin nanocrystals

“…They found that the crystallization temperature influences both the number and size of the spherulites. Trifol et al 21 studied acetylated cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), CNCs, and clay (C30B) as additives for PLA nanocomposites. The CNCs were found to increase the crystallization of PP.…”

The morphology, rheological, and mechanical properties of wood flour/starch/poly(lactic acid) blends

“…However, most of these polymers are quite costly, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). These studies have included copolymerization, 9 blending, 10-12 nanoparticles enhancement, 13,14 and grafting. 3,4 As an environmentally friendly polymer, PLA has been emerging as an alternative to conventional polymeric materials due to its renewability, biodegradability, and greenhouse gas neutrality.…”

Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers Reinforced Polyether-b-Amide Nanocomposite

“…Another drawback using nanocellulose fibers is the difficulty to disperse them uniformly in non-polar medium because of their polar surface (Oksman et al 2006). So, most researchers are focused on a water-soluble polymeric matrix, considering the hydrophilic character of cellulose for the easier dispersion of cellulose (Oksman et al 2006;Bondeson and Oksman 2007;Chen et al 2009;Alain Dufresne 2010;Lemahieu et al 2011;Zhou et al 2012;Tang et al 2015;Pracella et al 2014;Trifol et al 2016;Haafiz et al 2016;Ivdre et al 2016;Khoo et al 2016;Sethi et al 2017).…”