Crystallization of triethyl‐citrate‐plasticized poly(lactic acid) induced by chitin nanocrystals

Singh, Shikha; Maspoch, M. Ll.; Oksman, Kristiina

doi:10.1002/app.47936

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We previously conducted a detailed investigation on the effect of ChNCs on the crystallization behavior (crystallization rate, kinetics, crystal types) of TEC-plasticized PLA [20]. It was observed that a very low amount of ChNC (1 wt %) increased the crystallization rate by acting as an excellent nucleating agent, and therefore reduced the overall crystallization time of the plasticized PLA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chitin Nanocrystals on Crystallization and Properties of Poly(lactic acid)-Based Nanocomposites

et al. 2020

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The crystalline phase of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has crucial effects on its own properties and nanocomposites. In this study, the isothermal crystallization of PLA, triethyl citrate-plasticized PLA (PLA–TEC), and its nanocomposite with chitin nanocrystals (PLA–TEC–ChNC) at different temperatures and times was investigated, and the resulting properties of the materials were characterized. Both PLA and PLA–TEC showed extremely low crystallinity at isothermal temperatures of 135, 130, 125 °C and times of 5 or 15 min. In contrast, the addition of 1 wt % of ChNCs significantly improved the crystallinity of PLA under the same conditions owing to the nucleation effect of the ChNCs. The samples were also crystallized at 110 °C to reach their maximal crystallinity, and PLA–TEC–ChNC achieved 48% crystallinity within 5 min, while PLA and PLA–TEC required 40 min to reach a similar level. Moreover, X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the addition of ChNCs resulted in smaller crystallite sizes, which further influenced the barrier properties and hydrolytic degradation of the PLA. The nanocomposites had considerably lower barrier properties and underwent faster degradation compared to PLA–TEC110. These results confirm that the addition of ChNCs in PLA leads to promising properties for packaging applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chitin Nanocrystals on Crystallization and Properties of Poly(lactic acid)-Based Nanocomposites

et al. 2020

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“…Recent works evaluated capabilities of biodegradable and biobased molecules as plasticizers [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. These molecules are often compared to citrate esters [16][17][18][19][20][21], which possess good miscibility with PLA [16][17][18][19]. Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) has shown good thermal stability during repeated heating/cooling cycles around the glass transition [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amorphous rigidification and cooperativity drop in semi−crystalline plasticized polylactide

Varol

Delpouve

Araujo

et al. 2020

Polymer

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Plasticization of amorphous polylactide shifts the glass transition and extends its temperature range of crystallization to lower temperatures. In this work, we focus on how lowÀ temperature crystallization impacts the mobility of the amorphous phase. Plasticizer accumulates in the amorphous phase because it is excluded from the growing crystal. The formation of rigid amorphous fraction is favored by the low crystallization temperature. It reaches values up to 50% in plasticized polylactide. The increase in the content of rigid amorphous fraction coincides with both the increase of free volume quantified by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, and the decrease in the cooperativity length obtained from the temperature fluctuation approach. The drop of cooperativity is interpreted in terms of mobility gradient due to the amorphous rigidification.

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“…Unlike thermosets, thermoplastics generally have good toughness, but a major goal is to increase stiffness and strength to take advantage of the ease of processing and low density over materials such as metals in the automotive and aerospace industries and will be emphasized in the following section. [ 56 ] However, CNM can also impart enhanced barrier performance, [ 57 ] thermal conductivity, [ 58 ] improve crystallization rates, [ 59–61 ] and is a useful rheology modifier. [ 62 ] Moreover, addition of these materials can nucleate new crystal structures or change the deformation mechanism.…”

Section: Cnm Thermoplastic Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 71,94 ] Furthermore, Singh et al and Clarkson et al demonstrated the effectiveness of CNM, even at very small concentrations, as heterogeneous nucleation agents in plasticized PLA. [ 59,60 ] Melt rheology is a critical component in forming and CNM has also been demonstrated to be an effective rheology modifier for PLA. For instance, film blowing of PLA is challenging as the melt viscosity is low and melt strength is weak such that a stable film cannot be easily formed.…”

Section: Cnm Thermoplastic Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Cellulose Nanomaterial Composites

et al. 2020

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Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) are a class of materials that have recently garnered attention in fields as varied as structural materials, biomaterials, rheology modifiers, construction, paper enhancement, and others. As the principal structural reinforcement of biomass giving wood its mechanical properties, CNM is strong and stiff, but also nontoxic, biodegradable, and sustainable with a very large (Gton yr−1) source. Unfortunately, due to the relatively young nature of the field and inherent incompatibility of CNM with most man‐made materials in use today, research has tended to be more basic‐science oriented rather than commercially applicable, so there are few CNM‐enabled products on the market today. Herein, efforts are presented for preparing and forming cellulose nanomaterial nanocomposites. The focus is on recent efforts attempting to mitigate common impediments to practical commercialization but is also placed in context with traditional efforts. The work is presented in terms of the progress made, and still to be made, on solving the most pressing challenges—getting properties that are competitive with currently used materials, removing organic solvent, solving the inherent incompatibility between CNM and polymers of interest, and incorporation into commonly used industrial processing techniques.

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Crystallization of triethyl‐citrate‐plasticized poly(lactic acid) induced by chitin nanocrystals

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of Chitin Nanocrystals on Crystallization and Properties of Poly(lactic acid)-Based Nanocomposites

Effect of Chitin Nanocrystals on Crystallization and Properties of Poly(lactic acid)-Based Nanocomposites

Amorphous rigidification and cooperativity drop in semi−crystalline plasticized polylactide

Recent Developments in Cellulose Nanomaterial Composites

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