A comparison of monopolar and bipolar electrical stimuli and thermal stimuli in determining the vitality of autotransplanted human teeth

Robinson, P.P.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(87)90133-6

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1973, Bolton 1974, Altonen et al. 1978, Hardy 1982, Pogrel 1987, Robinson 1987, Andreasen et al. 1990, Waikakul et al.…”

Section: Indications For Pulp Sensibility Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7. The EPT can be a suitable device for evaluating the pulp status of transplanted teeth, especially if the EPT responses subsequent to transplantation increase numerically over time (Clark et al 1955, Reade et al 1973, Bolton 1974, Altonen et al 1978, Hardy 1982, Pogrel 1987, Robinson 1987, Andreasen et al 1990, Waikakul et al 2002 (Table 1). Limitations of pulp sensibility tests 1.…”

Section: Indications For Pulp Sensibility Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of pulp sensibility tests. Part I: general information and thermal tests

2010

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A major, and essential, part of the diagnostic process for pulp disease is the use of pulp sensibility tests. When diagnosing pulp pain, these tests can be used to reproduce the symptoms reported by the patient to diagnose the diseased tooth as well as the disease state. However, a major shortcoming with these tests is that they only indirectly provide an indication of the state of the pulp by measuring a neural response rather than the vascular supply, so both false positive and false negative results can occur. The relevant literature on pulp sensibility tests in the context of endodontics up to January 2009 was reviewed using PubMed and MEDLINE database searches. This search identified papers published between November 1964 and January 2009 in all languages. Thermal tests have been used as an integral part of dental examinations. Two types of thermal tests are available, one uses a cold stimulus and the other uses a hot stimulus, and each has various methods of delivery. If these tests are used properly, injury to the pulp is highly unlikely. A review of the literature regarding the rationale, indications, limitations, and interpretation of thermal tests, the value of these diagnostic tests, as well as a discussion of the important points about each of these tests is presented.

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“…1973, Bolton 1974, Altonen et al. 1978, Hardy 1982, Pogrel 1987, Robinson 1987, Andreasen et al. 1990, Waikakul et al.…”

Section: Indications For Pulp Sensibility Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indications For Pulp Sensibility Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of pulp sensibility tests. Part I: general information and thermal tests

2010

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“…Commercial development of a bipolar electric pulp tester would improve tbe reliability of pulp vitality testing wbile allowing full protection. Manufacturers sbould be encouraged to develop sucb a device (Robinson 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitance effect of rubber gloves on electric pulp testers

Treasure

1989

Int Endodontic J

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Electric pulp testers (EPTs) are widely used to assess tooth pulp vitality. With many unipolar EPTs the electrical circuit is completed through the operator. Since dentists now routinely wear rubber gloves, these might be expected to provide electrical insulation, and therefore to break the circuit. The objective of this investigation was to define the electrical effect of wearing rubber gloves. Two battery-powered unipolar EPTs were examined using a digital storage oscilloscope with an input impedance of 1 M omega. The probe tip was connected directly to the positive input lead of the oscilloscope. Three conditions were tested: (i) with the conductive handle connected directly to the negative input lead; (ii) with the ungloved operator holding the negative input lead in one hand and the conductive handle of the EPT in the other; and (iii) holding the conductive handle in a gloved hand. While the two EPTs produced different patterns of voltage spike, for each there was no difference between conditions (i) and (ii). However, when the conductive handle was held in a gloved hand (condition iii), there was a reduction in peak negative voltage and a change in wave form with positive overshoot. The alteration in wave form could be reproduced by substitution of the operator's gloved hand with a capacitance of 47 pF. These results support the hypothesis that a rubber glove acts partly as a capacitor in series with the electric pulp tester, and will alter the performance of EPTs unless the glove is bypassed electrically.

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“…1984, Dummer & Tanner 1986, Dummer et al. 1986, Robinson 1987). Testers produce different electric impulses (Dummer et al.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are reported to reduce the voltages required to stimulate nerve response in the pulp, and reduce the possibility of stimulating the nerves in the periodontium (Bjorn 1946). Various designs of pulp testers have been described, some of them in great detail (Civjan et al 1973, Hietanen & Rantanen 1973, 1976, Grayson 1977, Stark et al 1977, Kleier et al 1982, Kitamura et al 1983, Cooley et al 1984, Robinson 1987. Testers produce different electric impulses ).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric pulp testing: a review

Lin

Chandler

2008

Int Endodontic J

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Electric pulp testing (EPT) has been available for more than a century and used in dental practices worldwide. This article provides an overview of this diagnostic aid. The PubMed database from 1953 was used initially; the reference list for pulp testing featured 1071 articles, and for EPT identified 121 papers. A forward search was undertaken on these articles and using selected author names. Potentially relevant material was also sought in contemporary endodontic texts, while older textbooks on endodontics, operative dentistry and pain revealed historic information and primary research not found electronically. A short account of the innervation of the pulp is followed by an historic overview. Clinical considerations discussed include tooth isolation, glove wearing and tester electrode placement. Orthodontic treatment, pacemaker wearing and patient medications are considered. Research applications are also discussed. While EPT is valuable, no single pulp testing technique can reliably diagnose all pulp conditions. Careful collection of patient history regarding the problem tooth and prudent use of appropriate radiographs are also helpful. The shortcomings of electric tests, especially in the case of immature and concussed teeth, must be understood. The demeanour of the patient and the responses given by control teeth also require careful consideration.

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A comparison of monopolar and bipolar electrical stimuli and thermal stimuli in determining the vitality of autotransplanted human teeth

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Review of pulp sensibility tests. Part I: general information and thermal tests

Review of pulp sensibility tests. Part I: general information and thermal tests

Capacitance effect of rubber gloves on electric pulp testers

Electric pulp testing: a review

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