A Comparison of Modified and Unmodified Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) Prepared by Twin Screw Extrusion

Jonoobi, Mehdi; Mathew, Aji P.; Abdi, Mahnaz M.; Makinejad, Majid Davoodi; Oksman, Kristiina

doi:10.1007/s10924-012-0503-9

Cited by 164 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Several studies have been performed, using PLA as polymeric matrix in nanocomposites with fillers such as cellulose, silica and clays [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of hybrid materials based on biodegradable PLA matrix, microcrystalline cellulose and organophilic silica

Santos

Tavares

2014

Polímeros

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Abstract:The goal of this work was to investigate the production and properties of hybrid materials based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA), employing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and organophilic silica (R972) as fillers. The composites were obtained by solution casting to form films. Each nanoparticle was incorporated at 3 wt. %, relative to the polymer matrix. In this experiment, four films were obtained (PLA, PLA/MCC, PLA/R972 and PLA/MCC/R972). The films properties were evaluated by X-ray diffractometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mechanical properties. The results showed that each nanoparticle, added individually or both combined, had different effect on the final properties of the films. Microcrystalline cellulose can act as nucleating agent for the crystallization of PLA. Silica promoted an increase in rigidity, due to the strong intermolecular forces, while MCC addition promoted an increase in the molecular mobility of the polymeric chains. The PLA/MCC/R972 film showed the highest crystallinity degree and tensile modulus. This film presented a T 1 H value between both values found for PLA/MCC and PLA/R972 films. The results indicated that silica R972 could promote a decrease of the surface tension between PLA and cellulose.

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“…Several studies have been performed, using PLA as polymeric matrix in nanocomposites with fillers such as cellulose, silica and clays [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of hybrid materials based on biodegradable PLA matrix, microcrystalline cellulose and organophilic silica

Santos

Tavares

2014

Polímeros

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“…In addition, both the ∆H c and T c decrease with increased BC nanofiber. This indicates that BC is acting as a nucleating agent, and promoting crystallization in the PLA/PEG copolymer [12,13]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Bacterial Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Poly (lactic acid) Nanocomposite

Dahman¹

2017

MOJPS

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“…12,[14][15][16][17] Pri ekstruzijskem postopku se soo~amo s problematiko nehomogene porazdelitve oja~itvene faze po polimerni osnovi, kar poslab{a kakovost in trajnost nastalih materialov. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Pomembno omejitev uporabe NFC v tak{nih sistemih predstavlja medij shranjevanja, ki je voda, in hidrofilna povr{ina NFC, zaradi katere jo te`ko dispergiramo v medijih nepolarnega zna~aja. 5 Me{anje NFC in polimerov razli~nega izvora je zato v ve~ini primerov omejeno na vodna ali polarna okolja, 17 tehnologije predelave pa na laboratorijsko merilo.…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

“…5 Me{anje NFC in polimerov razli~nega izvora je zato v ve~ini primerov omejeno na vodna ali polarna okolja, 17 tehnologije predelave pa na laboratorijsko merilo. [13][14] Z namenom izdelave bionanokompozitov oja~anih z NFC v industrijskem merilu, smo pripravo kompozitnih me{anic prilagodili ekstruzijskemu me{anju liofiliziranih koncentratnih me{anic PHB prahu in celuloznih nanofibril ter nadaljnji predelavi s tehnologijo brizganja. Predelovalne, morfolo{ke in mehanske lastnosti nanokompozitnih materialov smo ovrednotili v odvisnosti od razli~nih ute`nih razmerij NFC.…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

“…Navadno izbolj{an modul elasti~nosti in ve~jo natezno trdnost spremlja manj{i pretr`ni raztezek, 12,[14][15][16] kar prispeva k pove~ani krhkosti izhodnih materialov. Delno izbolj{anje ali celo poslab{anje mehanskih lastnosti nanokompozitnih formulacij z dodano komponento NFC se najve~krat pripisuje njeni te`nji k agregaciji med postopkom ekstruzijskega me{anja in nehomogeni porazdelitvi oja~itvene faze po polimerni osnovi.…”

Section: Mehanske Lastnosti Nanokompozitnih Vzorcevunclassified

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Vpliv dodatka nanofibrilirane celuloze na mehanske lastnosti poli(3-hidroksibutirata)

Žepič¹,

Fabjan²,

Poljanšek³

et al. 2017

Mater. Tehnol.

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Namen prispevka temelji na inovativnem postopku izdelave nanokompozitov na osnovi poli(3-hidroksibutirata) (PHB) in nanofibrilirane celuloze (NFC). Raziskovalno delo obravnava pripravo koncentratnih me{anic PHB-prahu in NFC v vodni raztopini za tehnologijo ekstruzijskega me{anja. Ekstrudat koncentrirane me{anice PHB/NFC je bil nato uporabljen kot dodatek h granulirani obliki PHB pri pripravi brizganih vzorcev z razli~nimi ute`nimi dele`i NFC. V prispevku so podane dolo~ene omejitve pri predelavi tovrstnih materialov in predlagane uporabne re{itve za njihovo optimiziranje. Morfolo{ke lastnosti nanokompozitnih komponent smo raziskali z elektronsko mikroskopijo (FE-SEM), mehanske lastnosti pa z nateznim preizkusom. Morfolo{ka preiskava koncentratnih me{anic je razkrila prepleteno sestavo celuloznih nanofibril in polimernih kroglic, prĩ emer se posamezne fibrile prepletajo v obliki {ir{ih pramenov in ustvarjajo videz zamre`ene strukture znotraj polimerne komponente. Mikroskopski posnetki nanokompozitnih me{anic in izbolj{ane mehanske lastnosti izhodnih materialov potrjujejo, da je adhezivni stik med matri~no in oja~itveno komponento dose`en, porazdelitev celuloznih nanofibril po polimerni osnovi pa homogena. Nanokompoziti z visokimi ute`nimi dele`i NFC (10 % ute`nega dele`a) dosegajo pomembno ve~je vrednosti modula elasti~nosti (Et = 1720 MPa) in raztezka pri pretrgu (eb = 3,1 %) ter prenesejo vi{je pretr`ne napetosti (sM = 26 MPa) v primerjavi z referen~nim polimernim vzorcem (Et = 1340 MPa; eb = 2,4 %; sM = 20 MPa). Rezultati {tudije dokazujejo, da je ob pravilni predpripravi polimernih me{anic in optimizaciji tehnologije ekstruzijske predelave, mogo~e izdelati trdne in`ilave materiale, pri~emer dele`oja~itvene faze narekuje stopnjo izbolj{ave kon~nih lastnosti biopolimerne osnove. Klju~ne besede: nanofibrilirana celuloza, poli(3-hidroksibutirat), morfologija, mehanske lastnosti, ekstruzija, tehnologija brizganja In this paper a novel processing route for nanocomposites, based on (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), is presented. To obtain a uniform dispersion of the reinforcing filler, a PHB powder was first dispersed in water, mixed with an NFC aqueous suspension and then freeze dried to eliminate the water phase from the ensuing system. The dried batch was then extruded and added to the granulated PHB in different weight proportions. Nanocomposites with various NFC contents were subsequently produced with the injection-moulding technology. The processing limits and feasible solutions for their optimization are thoroughly described within this work. Morphological properties were investigated with FE-SEM, while mechanical properties were determined via a tensile test. SEM images showed that the PHB powder can be effectively incorporated into the mesh of cellulose nanofibrils, as clearly evident by the interlaced structure of individual fibrils with the average lateral dimensions of 69±14 nm. Improved mechanical properties and SEM observations confirmed a good interfacial adhesion and uni...

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A Comparison of Modified and Unmodified Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) Prepared by Twin Screw Extrusion

Cited by 164 publications

References 27 publications

Development and characterization of hybrid materials based on biodegradable PLA matrix, microcrystalline cellulose and organophilic silica

Development and characterization of hybrid materials based on biodegradable PLA matrix, microcrystalline cellulose and organophilic silica

Bacterial Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Poly (lactic acid) Nanocomposite

Vpliv dodatka nanofibrilirane celuloze na mehanske lastnosti poli(3-hidroksibutirata)

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