A Comparison of Hedgerow and Bush Tree Orchard Systems at Different Within-Row Spacings with Four Apple Cultivars

Parry, M. S.

doi:10.1080/00221589.1981.11514993

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Summer pruning has often been recommended in high density plantings to restrict tree size, but whether it does so better than dormant pruning is subject to debate (Mika, 1986;Saure, 1987). Close in-row spacing has previously been found to reduce TCA and encourage undesirable "top heavy" growth (Cripps et al, 1975;Palmer et al, 1992;Parry, 1981).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yield and fruit quality depend on light distribution in the canopy as well as total interception. The adverse effects of shaded canopies on flower bud induction, spur quality, and fruit size, color and internal quality are consistent and well-documented (Barritt et al, 1997;Callesen and Wagenmakers, 1989;Palmer, 1999b;Parry, 1981;Verheij and Verwer, 1973;Warrington et al, 1996). Some sacrifice to total interception is required to achieve the good light penetration into the lower canopy that is necessary for maximum fruit quality (Verheij and Verwer, 1973).…”

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confidence: 76%

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Canopy Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of 'Royal Gala' Apple Trees Grown for Eight Years in Five Tree Training Systems

Hampson¹,

Quamme²,

Brownlee³

2002

HortSci

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In 1993, a planting of virus-free 'Royal Gala' apple (Malu×domestica Borkh.) on 'M.9' rootstock was established at Summerland, B.C., Canada, to determine whether angled-canopy training systems could improve orchard tree performance relative to slender spindles. The trees were trained in one of five ways: slender spindle (SS), Geneva Y-trellis (GY), a modified Solen training we called 'Solen Y-trellis' (SY), or V-trellis (LDV), all at the same spacing (1.2 m × 2.8 m), giving a planting density of 2976 trees/ha. In addition, a higher density (7143 trees/ha) version of the V-trellis (HDV) was planted to gauge the performance of this system at densities approaching those of local super spindle orchards. The plots were drip-irrigated and hand-thinned. No summer pruning was done. After 8 years, differences among training systems at the same density and spacing were small and few. The two Y-shaped training systems had 11% to 14% greater cumulative yield/ha than the SS, but did not intercept significantly more light at maturity. No consistent differences occurred in fruit size or the percentage of fruit with delayed color development among the four training systems at the same density. Relative to the LDV, the HDV yielded less per tree, but far more per hectare, particularly in the first 3 years. After 8 years, the cumulative yield/ha was still 65% greater than with LDV. Yield efficiency was unaffected by tree density. Fruit size on HDV ranked lowest among the systems nearly every year, but was still commercially acceptable. The HDV intercepted more light (73%) than SS (53%). The percentage of fruit with delayed color development in HDV was not significantly different from that for LDV in most years. The trees in HDV were difficult to contain within their allotted space without summer pruning. The substantially similar performance of all the training systems (at a given density, and with minimal pruning) suggests that cost and ease of management should be the decisive factors when choosing a tree training method.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 76%

Canopy Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of 'Royal Gala' Apple Trees Grown for Eight Years in Five Tree Training Systems

Hampson¹,

Quamme²,

Brownlee³

2002

HortSci

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“…Pruning must be a compromise between optimal benefits and adverse effects, such as reduced fruiting and increased shoot growth. Any how, amount and type of pruning that are most appropriate will vary with many factors such as tree density (Parry, 1981), management system (Mika, 1986 andElfving andCline, 1990). rootstocks (Harber et al, 1992), scion cultivar (Marini and Barden, 1987) and fruit bearing habit (Marini and Sowers, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF "ANNA" APPLE TREES (Malus domestica Borkh.) FOLLOWING DORMANT PRUNING TREATMENTS

Abo-El-Ez¹

2010

Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

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This investigation was carried out during three successive seasons ) 2007, 2008 and 2009( to study the effect of different dormant pruning treatments on 5-years old "Anna" apple trees budded on "Malus" apple rootstock grown in El-Kawamel region, Sohag, where soil is sandy, under drip irrigation system to determine the optimal degree of dormant pruning severity to increase yield and improve fruit quality. Severe dormant pruning treatment (thinning out 60% of one -year-old shoots/tree) significantly decreased number of shoots/branch. In contrast, there were clear trends of increase in number of leaves/shoot, specific leaf weight, leaf total chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars, starch percentage and total carbohydrates as dormant pruning severity increased. All dormant pruning treatments affected total number of flowers/branch, and the effect was decreased as severity of pruning increased. On the other hand, the increase in the number of flowers/ spur was positively associated with pruning severity. Light (thinning out 20% of shoots/tree) and moderate (thinning out 40% of shoots/tree) dormant pruning treatments significantly increased the percentage of fruit set and improved yield (fruit weight/tree), and the improvement was inversely proportional to the severity of pruning. Dormant pruning treatments increased average fruit weight, but decreased fruit firmness in respect to its severity in the three seasons. All dormant pruning treatments affected total acidity and total starch % and the effect was decreased as severity of pruning was increased, while the increase in total soluble solids and total sugars were positively associated with pruning severity. Severe and moderate (thinning out 60% and 40% of shoots/tree) dormant pruning treatments significantly increased red color% and peel anthocyanin content.From the results, it could be recommended that apple (Anna /Malus) growers should prune their trees moderately (by thinning out 40% of shoots/tree) to increase flowering and fruit set, which in turn increase yield and fruit quality.

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“…In England, yield per hectare was related to tree density during the first 10 years of a 'Cox's Orange Pippin' trial comparing con tinuous hedgerows and dwarf bush trees on M.26 at densities of 299 to 1922 trees/ha (15). The dwarf bushes had higher yield/trunk cross-sectional area than hedgerows.…”

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confidence: 99%

Orchard Systems Research with Deciduous Trees: A Brief Introduction

Barritt

1987

horts

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An orchard system is the integration of all the horticultural factors involved in establishing and maintaining a planting of fruit trees. These factors include tree density and arrangement, cultivar, root-stock and interstock, tree size and form, pruning and training techniques needed to maintain the desired configuration, mechanical training and harvesting, and support systems. An orchard system is a blueprint for the orchardist to follow throughout the life of a planting.

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A Comparison of Hedgerow and Bush Tree Orchard Systems at Different Within-Row Spacings with Four Apple Cultivars

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Canopy Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of 'Royal Gala' Apple Trees Grown for Eight Years in Five Tree Training Systems

Canopy Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of 'Royal Gala' Apple Trees Grown for Eight Years in Five Tree Training Systems

GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF "ANNA" APPLE TREES (Malus domestica Borkh.) FOLLOWING DORMANT PRUNING TREATMENTS

Orchard Systems Research with Deciduous Trees: A Brief Introduction

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