A Comparison of Environmental Sample Methods for Estimating Soil Lead at Trap Shooting Ranges: The Effects of Pellet and Nonpellet Lead

Pb speciation versus TCLP release in army firing range soils

“…The amount and rate of Pb weathering and its subsequent release into the soil environment depends on both soil properties and the ammunition composition. Pb release was found to be affected by soil pH, soil organic matter and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil [1]. Dermatas et al [2] found that soil and Pb metallic fragment particle sizes played a dominant role in the rate and amount of Pb release.…”

“…The selected soils were tested for: (1) basic soil parameters (water content, soil pH and grain size distribution); (2) mineralogy (qualitative and quantitative X-ray powder diffraction-XRPD); (3) micromorphology (scanning electron microscope-SEM and optical microscopy techniques); (4) chemical composition including total concentration of Pb and major metals (total analyses), and organic matter and carbonate contents; (5) Pb leaching behavior (TCLP and SET). Based on these experiments, the TCLP and SET Pb release regime was obtained and the soil-specific mechanisms responsible for Pb mobility were identified.…”