A comparison of eating, exercise, shape, and weight related symptomatology in males with muscle dysmorphia and anorexia nervosa

Anabolic steroid use and body image psychopathology in men: Delineating between appearance- versus performance-driven motivations

“…This is important when considering that body image concerns serve as a significant risk factor for further AAS use (Pope et al, 2012). Further, the ED-and MDrelated symptom severity of noted for performance-based AAS use was largely comparable to that demonstrated by non-pathological gym using control men in our previous studies (Murray et al, 2012), which suggests that not all AAS use may be associated with clinically relevant body image psychopathology, which yields important implications for prevention efforts. For instance, males who use AAS for performance-based motives may be less likely to respond to appearance-based prevention models (Stice et al, 2006), and may require a modified preventative approach.…”

“…However, the EDE-Q, which was designed and validated in samples of female ED patients, may lack sensitivity in indexing ED psychopathology in males, particularly as applied to muscularity-rather than thinnessoriented concerns and associated behaviors (Murray et al, 2010). In the current study, this limitation was addressed by reversing the polarity of certain gender specific items of the EDE-Q, as has been outlined in previous research addressing male ED psychopathology (Murray et al, 2012). For example, the item "Have you had a definite fear that you might gain weight or become fat" was amended to read "Have you had a definite fear that you might lose weight or become not muscular enough" (Murray et al, 2012).…”

“…In the current study, this limitation was addressed by reversing the polarity of certain gender specific items of the EDE-Q, as has been outlined in previous research addressing male ED psychopathology (Murray et al, 2012). For example, the item "Have you had a definite fear that you might gain weight or become fat" was amended to read "Have you had a definite fear that you might lose weight or become not muscular enough" (Murray et al, 2012). In the present study, the modified EDE-Q demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's ␣ range across subscales = 0.74 to 0.88).…”

Prevalence of eating disorder attitudes among men and women with exercise dependence symptoms: a non-athlete population study

“…Some authors suggest that the practice of excessive jogging could be an analogue of eating disorders in men (YATES; LEEHEY; SHISSLAK, 1983;BAYES;mADDEN, 2011); the essential motivation for the excessive exercise focused primarily on the concern about weight and body image (HAUSENBLAS; FALLON, 2002). On the other hand, this same motivation also exists in male bodybuilders, who use diet and excessive workouts to control weight (PIERCE;mORRIS, 1998;mURRAY et al, 2012). In fact, there are reports in the literature of a subgroup of bodybuilders with body image disorders (POPE; KATZ; HUDSON, 1993).…”

Avaliação psicométrica do Male Body Checking Questionnaire (MBCQ)

“…Os TA, por exemplo, são transtornos psicopatológicos de identifi cação recente para indivíduos do sexo masculino e oferecem um grande desafi o, como sua descrição clínica e nosológica (Murray et al, 2012). Apesar de apresentarem os mesmos critérios diagnósticos de TA que as mulheres (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994), os homens demonstram um quadro mais complexo no que se refere às preocupações com o corpo.…”