A comparison of dietary and non-dietary factors of hypertension and normal blood pressure in a Chinese population

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the differences of dietary and non-dietary factors in hypertension and normal blood pressure (BP) of Chinese urban people. Two cross-sectional population surveys were carried out in Tianjin, one of the three largest cities in China. A total of 2068 subjects aged 35-64 years were selected by a random stratified cluster sampling, 367 men and 395 women were hypertensive, and 623 men and 683 women had normal BP. The diet was assessed by food weighing plus consecutive individual 3-day food records. Health status, health behaviours and anthropomentry were assessed. The whole population had a high

Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in Finland

“…The obesity-related insulin-resistance syndrome, which describes a cluster of metabolic abnormalities (insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and impaired glucose regulation), has been recognised to play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes [36][37][38][39][40]. A high intake of dietary sodium and the high urinary sodium to potassium ratio have been shown to have a direct relationship with essential hypertension [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Adjusted for age, sex, study year, education, physical activity (low, moderate and high), smoking status (never, past and current smoking of 1-19 or ≥20 cigarettes/day), alcohol consumption (0, 1-100 and >100 g/week), coffee consumption (0-2, 3-6 and ≥7 cups/day), frequency of vegetable consumption (<1 time/week, 1-2 times/week, 3-5 times/week, 6-7 times/week), frequency of fruit consumption (<1 time/ week, 1-2 times/week, 3-5 times/week, 6-7 times/week), frequency of sausage consumption (<1 time/month, 1-2 times/month, 1 time/ week, 2 times/week, almost daily, >1 time/day), bread consumption (slices/day) and saturated fat consumption (g/day) c Adjusted for variables in model 2 and systolic blood pressure and antihypertensive drug treatment at baseline and during follow-up d…”

“…Low intake of potassium and a high urinary sodium to potassium ratio have indicated a direct relationship with essential hypertension [10][11][12][13][14][15]. A significant inverse relationship between magnesium intake and the risk of diabetes has been found in several prospective studies [20,21].…”

“…High intake of dietary sodium, low intake of potassium and high urinary sodium to potassium ratio have repeatedly demonstrated a direct relationship with essential hypertension [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Some studies [16][17][18] but not all [19] have demonstrated that hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance were present in normotensive or hypertensive salt-sensitive patients compared with salt-resistant subjects.…”

Waist circumference, not body mass index, is associated with blood pressure in a sample of young Chinese adults

“…4 A large body of research has demonstrated that being overweight or obese (as assessed by the BMI) is associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) levels and increased risk for hypertension. 5 For example, in a random stratified cluster sample of 2068 Chinese men and women hypertensive patients of both genders had significantly higher mean BMI than their normotensive counterparts. 5 Nevertheless, controversy has arisen with regard to the appropriateness of a universal BMI definition of obesity.…”

“…5 For example, in a random stratified cluster sample of 2068 Chinese men and women hypertensive patients of both genders had significantly higher mean BMI than their normotensive counterparts. 5 Nevertheless, controversy has arisen with regard to the appropriateness of a universal BMI definition of obesity. Based on the WHO criteria using BMI estimates, o5% of the Chinese population is obese 6 and it has been suggested that this is a gross underestimation of the prevalence of obesity and consequently those at risk for CVD.…”