A comparison of capacities for social cognition and metacognition in first episode and prolonged depression

Ladegaard, Nicolai; Lysaker, Paul H.; Larsen, Erik Roj; Videbech, Poul

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.10.005

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Therefore, studies that assess potential differences in the pathology of chronic and episodic forms of depression may be of great importance. The ToM abilities of a chronically depressed patient group were compared in one study [78] to those of an episodic depressed patient group using the RMET, and in another one [79] to a first-episode depressed patient group using the FHA and the TASIT, but neither of them revealed significant differences. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the number of participants in several of these studies has been rather small [35,42,45,53,55,57,58,68]. No difference was found on ToM decoding [78] or ToM reasoning [79] abilities between patients suffering from episodic or chronic forms of depression. Patients with psychotic symptoms of depression seem to have a more serious ToM dysfunction than patients with non-psychotic depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theory of Mind in Depressive Disorders: A Review of the Literature

Berecz

Tényi

Herold³

2016

Psychopathology

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Background: Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to infer the mental states of others in order to understand and predict their behaviour. This ability is thought to be essential to social functioning and interpersonal relationships. As major depression is characterized by considerable social and interpersonal difficulties, exploration of the quality of ToM functioning can be particularly relevant in this and in related disorders. We aim to review the current state of research on ToM in depressive disorders in order to find out the extent to which ToM impairment is associated with these illnesses. Methods: An internet database search was carried out to collect all publications on the subject. Results: A total of 32 publications in English met our inclusion criteria: (a) 17 studies on ToM in major depression, (b) 4 studies on ToM in psychotic depression, (c) 3 studies on ToM in dysphoria or mild depression, (d) 4 studies on ToM in euthymic major depression, (e) 2 studies on ToM in chronic versus episodic depression, and (f) 2 studies on ToM in another psychiatric disorder with comorbid major depression. Conclusions: Despite an increased interest in the research of the topic in recent years, no firm conclusions can be drawn, as the reviewed articles present some conflicting results. Acutely depressed patients have been found to be impaired on tasks involving both ToM social-perceptual and social-cognitive components. On the other hand, a number of studies have not reported significant between-group differences between depressed patients and healthy controls or have found minimal differences. Further research is needed in order to confirm and extend these results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Mind in Depressive Disorders: A Review of the Literature

Berecz

Tényi

Herold³

2016

Psychopathology

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“…There is a growing interest in the hypothesis that impaired social cognition in depressive patients (which include, inter alia, ToM) may be a factor contributing to the difficulties in psychosocial functioning frequently occurring among them [23]. Undoubtedly, the processing of information about the social world can be distorted under the influence of person's emotional state: our conclusions about the social world are often consistent with our mood [23].…”

Section: Theory Of Mind In Mood Disorders -Major Depressive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of mind, empathy and moral emotions in patients with affective disorders

Epa¹,

Dudek²

2015

Arch Psych Psych

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SummaryAim of the study. The aim of this paper is to present the selected aspects of social functioning of persons with diagnose of bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD). The main focus is on analyzing the functioning of theory of mind, empathy and moral emotions among groups of patients. Considerations also apply the possible mechanisms underlying the impairments of mentioned areas. Material and methods. The analysis of present literature related to the subject.Results. There are a lot of studies confirming the presence of handicap of theory of mind, empathy and moral emotions in patients with affective disorders. Conclusions: Disturbances of social cognition and moral emotions are common among persons with BD or MDD. Raising awareness of the problems affecting this area may contribute to a better understanding of patients and help the clinicians in conducting effective therapy. bipolar disorder / major depressive disorder / theory of mind / empathy / moral emotions

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“…The ToM deficit hypothesis has also been applied to schizophrenia (Brüne, 2001;Inoue et al, 2006a). Further, there have been several reports discussing the correlation between major depressive disorder and ToM (Cusi et al, 2013;Inoue et al, 2004;Ladegaard et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2008;Wilbertz et al, 2010;Wolkenstein et al, 2011;Zobel et al, 2010). Previously, we reported that depressive patients in symptomatic remission have ToM deficits, especially for a second-order false belief question, the answers to which strongly correlate with social relationship skill (Inoue et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introduction *mentioning

confidence: 88%