Theory of mind, empathy and moral emotions in patients with affective disorders

Epa, Roksana; Dudek, Dominika

doi:10.12740/app/44569

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It is possible that this divergence from the Kim et al (2015) findings is a result of statistical power: that is, it may be that our considerably larger sample was better able to detect the subtle effect that was not seen in the smaller sample. Additionally, the finding of a diagnostic difference aligns with past work which used different methodologies to assess moral cognition and found a number of behavioral and neural differences between BD patients and controls (Epa et al, 2014;Epa & Dudek, 2015;Radaelli et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…duration of illness, number of hospitalizations, history of childhood trauma), as these have, as yet, received limited attention. Although some investigations noted earlier found differences between HC and BD participants on responses to moral stimuli (Epa et al, 2014;Epa & Dudek, 2015;Radaelli et al, 2013), we hypothesized that, in line with findings from Kim et al, (2015), euthymic BD patients would not differ from HC on responses to moral dilemmas; however, as our sample is more than twice the size of prior work, we expected that we might detect more subtle differences that were not previously seen. Because of the comprehensive characterization of our sample, we were also able to evaluate the role that several clinical factors related to BD illness plays in moral decision-making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Epa, Czyzowska, Dudek, Siwek, & Gierowski (2014) found that patients with BD differ from HCs in their differential use of the 6 varieties of Kohlbergian moral reasoning (with BD tending to use the "less advanced" reasoning categories). Epa & Dudek, 2015 reviewed work regarding experience of negative moral emotions (i.e. shame and guilt) and report that patients with BD may have an increased tendency to experience these due to their proclivity for depressive symptomatology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of childhood trauma on adult moral decision-making: Clinical correlates and insights from bipolar disorder

Larsen

Ospina

Cuesta-Diaz

et al. 2019

Journal of Affective Disorders

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BACKGROUND.-Childhood adversity has been shown to exert profound effects on basic psychological processes well into adulthood. Some of these processes, such as those related to reward and emotion, play critical roles in moral decision-making. As a population with high rates of childhood trauma as well as heterogenous clinical presentation, individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) constitute an enriched group in which to examine the correlates of trauma and other clinical variables with moral cognition. METHODS.-62 euthymic BD patients and 27 controls responded to moral dilemma scenarios and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. RESULTS.-Results revealed a main effect of diagnosis on moral decision-making only when both personal force and an intention were required, indicating a more utilitarian style in BD patients relative to controls. Several interesting patterns also emerged regardless of diagnostic status. Higher ratings of physical neglect were significantly associated with higher ratings of acceptability (a utilitarian tendency) across dilemma types, and a similar pattern was observed at the trend level for experiences of emotional neglect. Significant main effects on moral decisionmaking were also observed for sex, illness duration, and history of psychotic features in the BD sample.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of childhood trauma on adult moral decision-making: Clinical correlates and insights from bipolar disorder

Larsen

Ospina

Cuesta-Diaz

et al. 2019

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…The link between a higher rate of experiences of paranoia with Mood Disorders has already been described in literature [3,33]. Several studies have shown the deficits in Theory of Mind and cognitive empathy in individuals with Mood Disorders [34]. A deficit in perspective taking may make these individuals prone to developing paranoid thoughts.…”

Section: Psychopathology Impairment and Need For Carementioning

confidence: 88%

The Occurrence of Positive Psychotic Experiences in an Outpatient Clinic in Flanders

Gaul¹,

Loore²,

West³

2017

J Child Adolesc Behav

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Objective: Psychotic like experiences (PLEs) resemble psychotic symptoms but are more benign and transient. They occur numerously in clinical and non-clinical samples and have a peak incidence in adolescence. PLEs can be linked to psychopathology and, in the presence of risk factors, PLEs can make a transition to psychotic symptoms and psychosis. The aim of this study was to measure the occurrence of PLEs in a Flemish clinical sample of adolescents using the CAPE (Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences). Gender, age, IQ differences and possible links with psychopathology, distress and impairment have been investigated.Method: 1176 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old were referred to a child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinic for psychiatric assessment. PLEs were measured using the CAPE, more precisely the CAPE positive experiences scale (CAPE-P, 20 questions). PLEs were divided into 5 subdimensions: Hallucination, Paranoia, Delusion, Grandiosity and Paranormal Belief.Results: 734 CAPEs were valid for research. 94.2% of adolescents in the clinical sample reported at least one PLE at least 'sometimes'. 62.3% of our population reported at least one PLE at least 'often', which was a higher rate than found in the general population. 83.2% of the population reported at least 'a bit distress' for at least one PLE, whereas 51% reported to be 'quite or very distressed' about at least one PLE. Girls reported more PLEs than boys and reported higher levels of distress. There was no significant general trend in PLEs found when looked at age or IQ distribution. PLEs with distress could be linked to psychopathology in general, but not to specific diagnoses. Conclusion:In comparison to the general population, adolescents in a clinical population experience PLEs more often and with a higher degree of distress. The CAPE can be used in a clinical population for follow up and identification in the risk of transition. Higher risk can be defined by a higher score of frequency and distress on the CAPE and the persistence of this score over time. Risk of transition increases with a certain degree of impairment (that might be caused by comorbid psychopathology) and the combination with specific risk factors for psychosis.

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“…These results have clinical implications, as training and treatment programs could include this socio-cognitive ability in order to improve anxious children's social functioning. Researchers have previously raised the issue of improving ToM in various other disorders, such as bipolar and major depressive disorders (Inoue et al, 2004;Epa & Dudek, 2015), as well as autism (Feng et al, 2008). This is relevant as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy strategies make use of ToM abilities, more specifically the awareness of someone's thoughts and behavior (Chalfant et al, 2007).…”

Section: Tom and Anxiety Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Deep Dive into the Constructive Mind: Relating Interpretive Diversity Understanding to Anxiety Symptoms and Parental Practices in Middle Childhood"

Moldovan¹,

Prodan²,

COMAN³

et al. 2022

JEBP

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The relation between the understanding of the mind as being constructive, anxiety, and parental factors is not fully elucidated. Interpretive diversity understanding represents an understanding that people can have a different interpretation of the same situation due to differences in beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge. We aim to bring together two approaches to this concept: the interpretive theory of mind (ToMi), and the constructivist theory of mind (ToMc) and relate them to anxiety symptoms and parental practices during middle childhood (8-12 years). In two studies, we used a restricted view paradigm to assess ToMi, a questionnaire to assess ToMc (the Constructivist Theory of Mind Interview, short written version in Study 1, and extended interview in Study 2) and parental and child reports of parental practices, as well as children’s anxiety symptoms. Results revealed that the two interpretive diversity understanding tasks were positively associated (Study 2). Overall, warm parental practices were positively associated with ToM tasks and a significant predictor for the ToMc interview answers. On the other hand, parental rejection and overprotection were negatively associated with performance on the ToMi task, with the ToMc score and positively with anxiety symptoms. Understanding the relationship between ToM, anxiety, and parental practices is essential for preventing early social and emotional difficulties during middle childhood.

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Theory of mind, empathy and moral emotions in patients with affective disorders

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of childhood trauma on adult moral decision-making: Clinical correlates and insights from bipolar disorder

Effects of childhood trauma on adult moral decision-making: Clinical correlates and insights from bipolar disorder

The Occurrence of Positive Psychotic Experiences in an Outpatient Clinic in Flanders

"Deep Dive into the Constructive Mind: Relating Interpretive Diversity Understanding to Anxiety Symptoms and Parental Practices in Middle Childhood"

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