A comparison between mechanical properties of specimens 3D printed with virgin and recycled PLA

Lanzotti, Antonio; Martorelli, Massimo; Maietta, Saverio; Gerbino, Salvatore; Penta, Francesco; Gloria, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2019.02.030

Cited by 117 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Since PLA has a low melting point, it is attractive material for 3D printing, as it requires less energy for printing compared to other materials, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polyamides [297]. A very attractive idea is that the use of recycled PLA is a viable option for 3D printing, adding to already positive features of this technology such as savings on raw materials, low energy cost, as well as low CO 2 emissions [298].…”

Section: Other Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Bioplastics: Application and Biodegradation

et al. 2020

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The success of oil-based plastics and the continued growth of production and utilisation can be attributed to their cost, durability, strength to weight ratio, and eight contributions to the ease of everyday life. However, their mainly single use, durability and recalcitrant nature have led to a substantial increase of plastics as a fraction of municipal solid waste. The need to substitute single use products that are not easy to collect has inspired a lot of research towards finding sustainable replacements for oil-based plastics. In addition, specific physicochemical, biological, and degradation properties of biodegradable polymers have made them attractive materials for biomedical applications. This review summarises the advances in drug delivery systems, specifically design of nanoparticles based on the biodegradable polymers. We also discuss the research performed in the area of biophotonics and challenges and opportunities brought by the design and application of biodegradable polymers in tissue engineering. We then discuss state-of-the-art research in the design and application of biodegradable polymers in packaging and emphasise the advances in smart packaging development. Finally, we provide an overview of the biodegradation of these polymers and composites in managed and unmanaged environments.

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Section: Other Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Bioplastics: Application and Biodegradation

et al. 2020

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“…This machine is representative of the open-source RepRap-class 3D printers that dominate the open-source community. 45,46 In the FFF process using PLA recycled filaments, there has been characterization of the mechanical properties, including tensile, 14 flexural, 45 and rheological/thermal properties. 47 These studies proved the technical feasibility of using recycled PLA for FFF.…”

Section: Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Direct Waste Printing of Polylactic Acid with Universal Pellets Extruder: Comparison to Fused Filament Fabrication on Open-Source Desktop Three-Dimensional Printers

Alexandre

Sanchez

Boudaoud

et al. 2020

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing

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Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most common and widespread additive manufacturing (AM) technique, but it requires the formation of filament. Fused granular fabrication (FGF), where plastic granules are directly three-dimensional (3D) printed, has become a promising technique for the AM technology. FGF could be a key driver to promote further greening of distributed recycling thanks to the reduced melt solidification steps and elimination of the filament extruder system. However, only large-scale FGF systems have been tested for technical and economic viability of recycling plastic materials. The objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of the FFF and FGF techniques in terms of technical and economical dimensions at the desktop 3D printing scale. Recycled and virgin polylactic acid material was studied by using five different types of recycling feedstocks: commercial filament, pellets, distributed filament, distributed pellets, and shredded waste. The results showed that the mechanical properties from the FGF technique using same configurations showed no statistical differences to FFF samples. Nevertheless, the granulometry could have an influence on the reproducibility of the samples, which explains that the critical factor in this technology is to assure the material input in the feeding system. In addition, FGF costs per kg of material were reduced to less than 1 e/kg compared with more than 20 e/kg for commercial recycled filament. These results are encouraging to foster FGF printer diffusion among heavy users of 3D printers because of reducing the cost associated to the filament fabrication while ensuring the technical quality. This indicates the possibility of a new type of 3D printing recycled plastic waste that is more likely to drive a circular economy and distributed recycling.

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“…ABS and PLA were the most commonly used filaments in 3D FDM printing for the study conducted in (Dhinesh et al, 2020): blends of PLA and ABS were produced in various compositions (20% ABS and 80% PLA; 50% ABS and 50% PLA; 80% ABS and 20% PLA) and they were tested for their resistance against tensile and flexural loads. Lanzotti et al (2019) compared virgin and recycled PLA in terms of mechanical properties and they concluded that 3D printing with recycled PLA may be a viable option. In the mechanical investigations for polymeric FDM printed elements, the fatigue tests are less numerous, some examples were proposed in (Ezeh and Susmel, 2018;Gomez-Gras et al, 2018) where the fatigue life was connected also with several printing parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Comparison for Compression of PLA Specimens Printed in In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Directions

Brischetto¹,

Torre²

2020

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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The present work proposes an experimental comparison between the in-plane and out-of-plane compressive behaviors of 3D printed PolyLactic Acid (PLA) specimens. These specimens are produced via the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique by using two different printing directions: the first printing direction in the xz plane allows experimental compression tests in the out-of-plane direction; the second printing direction in the xy plane allows experimental compression tests in the in-plane direction. The specimens are more rigid in the out-of-plane direction than in the in-plane direction. In the first case, a bigger linear compressive Young modulus has been found and both maximum stress and proportional limit stress were determined. In the second case, the linear compressive Young modulus is smaller and the specimens are less rigid but at the same time more resistant: in fact, no maximum stress and proportional limit stress have been obtained because the test machine has reached the maximum applicable load. This research demonstrates as the compressive behavior of 3D FDM printed polymeric elements depends on the printing and test directions and this feature is fundamental when such elements will be used for structural applications. The experimental tests performed in the present paper are accompanied by statistical and capability analyses for the dimensional parameters and for the mechanical properties in order to also evaluate the stability of the production process and the validity ranges for the mechanical characteristics.

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A comparison between mechanical properties of specimens 3D printed with virgin and recycled PLA

Cited by 117 publications

References 27 publications

Recent Advances in Bioplastics: Application and Biodegradation

Recent Advances in Bioplastics: Application and Biodegradation

Mechanical Properties of Direct Waste Printing of Polylactic Acid with Universal Pellets Extruder: Comparison to Fused Filament Fabrication on Open-Source Desktop Three-Dimensional Printers

An Experimental Comparison for Compression of PLA Specimens Printed in In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Directions

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