A Comparative Ultrastructural Study of Cyanidium caldarium and the Unicellular Red Alga Rhodosorus marinus

Ford, T. W.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086690

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As seen in this study, the chloroplast of Erythrolobus does not have a peripheral encircling thylakoid, and thus is similar to the chloroplasts of Flintiella and Porphyridium (Table 1). To the contrary, the chloroplast of Rhodosorus possesses a peripheral thylakoid, as is evident in the studies by Ford (1984) and Wilson et al (2002) and in unpublished recent work by Scott. Figure 4 in Broadwater and Scott (1994) review of unicellular red algae clearly shows the absence of a peripheral thylakoid.…”

Section: Transmission Electon Microscopymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Broadwater and Scott (1994) listed the unicell Rhodosorus (class Stylonematophyceae) as also having an ER-mitochondrion-Golgi association. What is perplexing is that the only publications on Rhodosorus ultrastructure (Giraud 1962;Ford 1984;Wilson et al 2002) did not describe the Golgi apparatus, so the only possible source of information concerning this organelle must be traced back to the Broadwater and Scott (1994) publication which shows one micrograph of what was believed to be a cell of Rhodosorus (Fig. 4, Broadwater and Scott 1994) with an ER-mitochondrion-Golgi association (see also Table 1 in the 1994 paper).…”

Section: Transmission Electon Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light and electron microscopic observations of the cell coat of these two genera clearly distinguishes one from the other; the cell coat of Rhodosorus is easily seen as a mucilaginous, fibrillar sheath (Baca 1978;Wilson et al 2002;Scott, unpublished) while the coat of Erythrolobus is much less conspicuous (Baca 1978, this paper). Also, following cell division daughter cells of Rhodosorus often remain closely opposed to each other (Baca 1978;Wilson et al 2002), whereas those of Erythrolobus immediately separate (Baca 1978;Ott and Scott, personal observations (Ford 1984;Wilson et al 2002;Scott, unpublished).…”

Section: Transmission Electon Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light and Electron Microscopic Observations on Erythrolobus coxiae gen.et sp.nov. (Porphyridiophyceae, Rhodophyta) from Texas U.S.A.

Scott¹,

Baca²,

Ott³

et al. 2006

ALGAE

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Low molecular weight carbohydrates, phycobilin pigments and cell structure using light and transmission electron microscopy were used to describe a new genus of unicellular red algae, Erythrolobus coxiae (Porphyridiales, Porphyrideophyceae, Rhodophyta). The nucleus of Erythrolobus is located at the cell periphery and the pyrenoid, enclosed by a cytoplasmic starch sheath, is in the cell center. The pyrenoid matrix contains branched tubular thylakoids and four or more chloroplast lobes extend from the pyrenoid along the cell periphery. A peripheral encircling thylakoid is absent. The Golgi apparatus faces outward at the cell periphery and is always associated with a mitochondrion. Porphyridium and Flintiella, the other members of the Porphyrideophyceae, also lack a peripheral encircling thylakoid and have an ER-mitochondria-Golgi association. The low molecular weight carbohydrates digeneaside and floridoside are present, unlike both Porphyridium and Flintiella, which have only floridoside. The phycobilin pigments B-phycoerythrin, R-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin are present, similar to Porphyridium purpureum. The cells have a slow gliding motility without changing shape and do not require substrate contact. The ultrastructural features are unique to members of the Porphyrideophyceae and recent molecular analyses clearly establish the validity of this new red algal class and the genus Erythrolobus.

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Section: Transmission Electon Microscopymentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Transmission Electon Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transmission Electon Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light and Electron Microscopic Observations on Erythrolobus coxiae gen.et sp.nov. (Porphyridiophyceae, Rhodophyta) from Texas U.S.A.

Scott¹,

Baca²,

Ott³

et al. 2006

ALGAE

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“…In the past, R. marinus has proven useful for research in photosynthesis, pigment chemistry (Giraud 1963;Dupré et al 1994) and fine structure (Giraud 1962;Ford 1984;Broadwater and Scott 1994). Karsten et al (1999) showed that the low molecular weight carbohydrates digeneaside and sorbitol are present in Rhodosorus, but not in any other members of the Bangiophyceae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast rotation and morphological plasticity of the unicellular alga Rhodosorus (Rhodophyta, Stylonematales)

Wilson¹,

West²,

Pickett‐Heaps³

et al. 2002

Phycological Res

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Time-lapse videomicroscopy was used to film chloroplast rotation in the 13 isolates of Rhodosorus marinus Geitler and one isolate of Rhodosorus magnei Fresnel & Billard maintained in culture. Cell diameter, rates of chloroplast rotation and the number of chloroplast lobes were measured in all isolates. Chloroplast rotation is a definitive characteristic of the genus Rhodosorus and should be included in its taxonomic description. Isolates of the type species, R. marinus, measure 4-7 µm in diameter in low light (2-4 µmol photons m -2 s -1 ) and 4.5-11.5 µm in diameter in bright light (15-20 µmol photons m -2 s -1 ), and have two to seven chloroplast lobes. Rhodosorus magnei is 9 µm in diameter and has seven to nine chloroplast lobes in bright light. However, these cells are much smaller (approx. 4 µm diam.) and have only two to three chloroplast lobes when maintained in low light. The species R. magnei was created based on its larger cell size and numerous chloroplast lobes compared with R. marinus, but since these characteristics were found to be quite variable and dependant on culture conditions, they cannot be used to differentiate these two species.

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“…Algal cells were collected by centrifugation, fixed (glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide), dehydrated and embedded as described previously (Ford, 1984). Sections were viewed using either a Zeiss EM 109 (operating at 80 kV) or a Hitachi H-600 (operating at 75 kV) electron microscope.…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of soft X‐ray contact microscopy with light and electron microscopy for the study of algal cell ultrastructure

Stead

Ford

Myring

et al. 1988

Journal of Microscopy

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SUMMARY Images of filamentous and unicellular algae have been obtained by soft X‐ray (wavelength 2.05‐4.4 nm) contact microscopy (SXCM), using synchrotron radiation, and the images obtained compared to those obtained by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. After chemical development to leave areas corresponding to high X‐ray absorbance by the specimen the photoresists were examined by SEM. In two algae (Anabaena and Trebouxia) cytoplasmic detail, including photosynthetic lamellae, chloroplasts, nuclei and mitochondria, were identified. In a third alga (Cyanidium) the SXCM image revealed little internal detail due to the uniformly high X‐ray absorption by the cells. The successful imaging of whole cells by SXCM is discussed in relation to conventional TEM and the future possibilities for SXCM are outlined.

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A Comparative Ultrastructural Study of Cyanidium caldarium and the Unicellular Red Alga Rhodosorus marinus

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Light and Electron Microscopic Observations on Erythrolobus coxiae gen.et sp.nov. (Porphyridiophyceae, Rhodophyta) from Texas U.S.A.

Light and Electron Microscopic Observations on Erythrolobus coxiae gen.et sp.nov. (Porphyridiophyceae, Rhodophyta) from Texas U.S.A.

Chloroplast rotation and morphological plasticity of the unicellular alga Rhodosorus (Rhodophyta, Stylonematales)

A comparison of soft X‐ray contact microscopy with light and electron microscopy for the study of algal cell ultrastructure

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