A Comparative Study on the Hemato-Biochemical and Immunological Effects of the Hexavalent FMD Vaccine Alone or in Combination with Trivalent FMD Vaccine in Cattle

Abstract

Foot and mouth disease is the most contagious disease of mammals and has a great potential for causing severe economic loss in susceptible cloven-hoofed animals. Routine prophylactic vaccination in Egypt from 2012 till now has been conducted with Trivalent and/or hexavalent vaccine of MERIAL, against virus strains (O manisa + O-3039 + A Iran 05 + A Saudi 95 + Asia 1 + Sat2). This study aimed to evaluate the hemato-biochemical and immunological changes associated with the use of hexavalent vaccine alone or in combination with trivalent FMD vaccine. This study was carried out on 24 cattle divided into three groups eight cattle each. Group I served as control. Group II were selected from farms vaccinated with hexavalent FMD vaccine. Group III were selected from farms vaccinated with a combination of trivalent and hexavalent FMD vaccine. The results showed that both vaccinated groups showed a significant increase in total leukocytic count. Sera from hexavalent-trivalent vaccinated cattle demonstrated a significant increase in serum cortisol concentrations. Significant increase in serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase was recorded in animals vaccinated with a combination of hexavalent and trivalent vaccine. In addition, both regimes resulted in a significant increase in serum blood urea nitrogen compared to control. Both regimes induced a significant increase in serum levels of ceruloplasmin while phagocytic activity S. M. Shawky et al. 17 of neutrophils and phagocytic index was enhanced only by the hexavalent vaccine. Both vaccinated groups had significantly increased serum values of gamma globulins. These results suggested that hexavalent vaccine produced higher levels of safety and protective effects against FMD in cattle as compared to those produced by a combination of hexavalent and trivalent vaccines. It is also advisable to include the hexavalent vaccine within the program of obligatory and imperative vaccination against FMD.

Blood parameter changes in Korean traditional calves and pigs after foot-and-mouth disease vaccination

“…Based on the increase of WBC count in this study, the FMD vaccination looks like an induction of inflammatory response to calves and pigs. In addition, the elevation in serum AST and BUN may be associated with glucocorticoid excess so stress can elicit a marked increase in serum AST and BUN activity [10]. With the consideration of species and blood sampling times after FMD vaccination, the present findings for changes of hemato-biochemical parameters in cattle and pigs, were comparable to previously published data of hematological and serum biochemical parameters.…”

“…In a previous study on cattle vaccinated with the hexavalent FMD vaccine [10], BUN concentrations, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in the vaccinated group were significantly elevated compared with those in the non-vaccinated group at 8 weeks after vaccination (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in RBC counts, hemoglobin concentrations, PCV, AST, ALT and creatinine concentrations in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups.…”

Molecular Characterization, Hematological and Biochemical Studies on Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O in Buffaloes and Cows in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

“…Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and fatal viral disease of bi-cloven animals. The disease leads also to economic losses which include reduction in milk and meat production, reproductive inefficiencies and death in young ruminants [1]. It is characterized clinically by fever, depression, anorexi and, excessive foamy salivation with vesicles appearing on the tongue [2].…”

Sequence Analysis of Egyptian Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Field and Vaccine Strains: Intertypic Recombination and Evidence for Accidental Release of Virulent Virus

“…While it could be a recent isolate of lineage A/AFRICA/G-IV, another origin is more likely: The Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI) in Cairo, which also supplies vaccines for the official FMD vaccination campaigns in Egypt, offers a bivalent formulation containing “O1/93“ and “AEGY/06” [ 29 ]. The former is O 1 EGY/3/93 (accession# EU553840) of lineage O/ME-SA and the latter is one of the 2006 isolates of lineage A/AFRICA/G-VII described by Knowles et al [ 30 ], alternatively referred to as A/Sharqia/Egypt/2009 [ 31 ]. (A full-length sequence is available under accession# JF749843.)…”