A Comparative Study of the Effect of Anatomical Site on Multiple Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Rats

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue are evolved into various cell-based regenerative approaches. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from rats are commonly used in tissue engineering studies. Still, there is a gap in knowledge about how the harvest locations influence and guide cell differentiation. This study aims to investigate how the harvesting site affects stem-cell-specific surface markers expression, pluripotency, and differentiation potential of ASCs in female Sprague Dawley rats. ASCs were extracted from the adipose tissue of the peri-ovarian, peri-renal, and mesenteric depots and were compared in terms of cell morphology. MSCs phenotype was validated by cell surfaces markers using flow cytometry. Moreover, pluripotent gene expression of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, Rex-1, and Tert was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ASCs multipotency was evaluated by specific histological stains, and the results were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) expression analysis of specific genes. There was a non-significant difference detected in the cell morphology and immunophenotype between different harvesting sites. ASCs from multiple locations were significantly varied in their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblastic cells, and chondrocytes. To conclude, depot selection is a critical element that should be considered when using ASCs in tissue-specific cell-based regenerative therapies research.

Impact of Adipose Tissue Depot Harvesting Site on the Multilineage Induction Capacity of Male Rat Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study

“…In this study, we found that third-passage cells from diverse sites did not express any of these three genes. These findings are in line with [ 30 , 40 ] and consistent with another study [ 39 ] on adult human MSCs that declared that only Nanog was expressed. On the contrary, Castella et al [ 41 ] reported the expression of these three genes in r-AdMSCs.…”

“…For PCR amplification, the resultant cDNA was utilized. PCR cycling was accomplished in a Veriti Thermal Cycler (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) according to [ 30 ]. All examinations were carried out in triplicate.…”

“…Among them are rats, which are a good source of MSCs. Rat adipose-derived MSCs (r-AdMSCs) are extensively employed in tissue engineering investigations [ 29 , 30 ]. Moreover, it has been reported that, unlike most other animal models, rats possess a relatively large amount of visceral fat that can be harvested to isolate MSCs that can be further directed to differentiate in diverse cell lineages based on the target application [ 29 ].…”

Cartilage 3D bioprinting for rhinoplasty using adipose‐derived stem cells as seed cells: Review and recent advances

“…In the study of Tang et al, 55 human S‐WAT ADSCs showed better chondrogenic potential and immunosuppression than V‐WAT ADSCs (V‐ADSCs) in vitro, although the proliferation of V‐ADSCs was significantly greater. Hendawy et al 61 analysed the ADSCs from different visceral adipose tissue depots of rats, suggesting that the mesenteric ADSCs showed a better chondrogenic differentiation potential than peri‐ovarian and peri‐renal ADSCs.…”

Potential and Limitations of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Musculoskeletal Disorders Treatment

“…The phenotypic characteristics of MSC from different tissues were not homogenous [ 18 ]. Its differentiation potential and proliferation rate depends on the anatomical localization [ 19 ], isolation procedures [ 20 ], and donor age [ 21 ]. Although MSC can be easily expanded in vitro, their proliferative capacity is limited because they senesce after several rounds of proliferation [ 22 ].…”