A Comparative Study of Salivary Composition of HIV Seropositive Patients on HAART and Not on HAART

Johar, Navdeep; Proctor, Gordon; Kumar, Rajesh S.

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10011-1085

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…[ 10 ] In contrast Johar et al . [ 11 ] reported increased salivary flow rate in patients on HAART, whereas Lin et al . [ 12 ] and Pavithra et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of salivary flow rate and gustatory function in HIV-positive patients with or without highly active antiretroviral therapy

et al. 2017

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Objectives:The aim of this study is to evaluate the salivary flow rate and gustatory changes in HIV-positive patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and without HAART. We also correlated CD4 count and salivary flow rate and gustatory function in both groups.Methods:Sample size for each group was thirty. After obtaining informed consent, we measured salivary flow rate using Schimer's method and gustatory function using four tastants (sweet, sour, bitter, and salty) of different concentrations. The readings were recorded at 0 month, 2nd, 4th, and 6th month interval. The data obtained was statistically analyzed.Results:The mean salivary flow rate was decreased more in Group I as compared to Group II. The mean identification score for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter was significantly higher in Group II than Group I. The mean detection threshold score for sweet, salty, sour and bitter taste was comparatively higher in Group I than Group II. The Pearson's correlation analysis showed inverse relation between age and salivary flow rate in Group II. No significant correlation was observed in CD4 count and salivary flow rate.Conclusion:Along with routine oral health appraisal in seropositive patients, evaluation of salivary flow rate, and taste abnormalities should also be considered an integral part of patient assessment.

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“…[ 10 ] In contrast Johar et al . [ 11 ] reported increased salivary flow rate in patients on HAART, whereas Lin et al . [ 12 ] and Pavithra et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of salivary flow rate and gustatory function in HIV-positive patients with or without highly active antiretroviral therapy

et al. 2017

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“…[ 7 15 ] However there is no conclusive evidence in the literature as to how these drugs can alter salivary secretion and composition. [ 16 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy on salivary flow rate and CD4 Count among HIV-infected patients

Kumar

Baghirath

Naishadham

et al. 2015

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol

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Objectives:To determine if long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) therapy alters salivary flow rate and also to compare its relation of CD4 count with unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed on 150 individuals divided into three groups. Group I (50 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients, but not on HAART therapy), Group II (50 HIV-infected subjects and on HAART for less than 3 years called short-term HAART), Group III (50 HIV-infected subjects and on HAART for more than or equal to 3 years called long-term HAART). Spitting method proposed by Navazesh and Kumar was used for the measurement of unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate. Chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis.Results:The mean CD4 count was 424.78 ± 187.03, 497.82 ± 206.11 and 537.6 ± 264.00 in the respective groups. Majority of the patients in all the groups had a CD4 count between 401 and 600. Both unstimulated and stimulated whole salivary (UWS and SWS) flow rates in Group I was found to be significantly higher than in Group II (P < 0.05). Unstimulated salivary flow rate between Group II and III subjects were also found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). ANOVA performed between CD4 count and unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva in each group demonstrated a statistically significant relationship in Group II (P < 0.05). There were no significant results found between CD4 count and stimulated whole saliva in each groups.Conclusion:The reduction in CD4 cell counts were significantly associated with salivary flow rates of HIV-infected individuals who are on long-term HAART.

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“…These results are in line with several reports [ 13 , 23 , 29 ]. Indeed, the benefits of ART in increasing SFR are suggested when we observed that 82% of the studied patients had their SFR (≥ 0.3 ml/min) within the normal range of unstimulated SFR (0.3–0.4 ml/min) [ 14 , 37 , 38 ]. In fact, Cherian AP et al noted that in symptomatic patients at the AIDS stage SFR was very low (0.11ml/min) compared to asymptomatic patients and patients on ART [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary biochemical parameters in people living with HIV on ART and dental caries: a cross-sectional study in Monastir, Tunisia

Berrezouga,

Kooli,

Marrakchi

et al. 2024

BMC Oral Health

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Background Studies regarding salivary biochemical parameters and dental caries in adult people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are scanty. Aim: To investigate salivary biochemical parameters and dental caries in adult PLWHA who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and compare the findings with people negative for HIV infection. Methods The study included 50 HIV positive individuals as a test group (TG) and 50 HIV negative individuals as a control group (CG). Dental examination was performed according to WHO guidelines to assess DMFT. Digital panoramic radiographs were taken to detect additional infectious foci. Non-stimulated saliva was collected between 9 and 12 a. m for 5 min to evaluate 18 biochemical parameters and salivary flow rate (SFR). Parametric and non parametric tests were used according to data distribution. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05%. Results Patients’ mean ages and M/F sex ratios for TG and CG were 38.80 ± 9.69 y/o. vs. 37.98 ± 13.47 y/o. and 3.54 vs. 2.33, respectively. Higher means of decayed teeth were recorded in TG, 4.47 ± 3.00 vs. 3.88 ± 2.81 in CG with no significant difference (p = 0.41). Means of filled teeth were significantly lower in TG 2.38 ± 2.16 vs. 4.16 ± 3.35 in CG (p = 0.01), respectively. No statistical significant difference was noted in DMFT indices between the 2 groups (8.04 ± 6.90 vs. 8.52 ± 6.24, p = 0.71). The following salivary parameters were significantly lower in TG compared to CG, respectively: mean SFR 0.44 ± 0.18 ml/min vs. 0.61 ± 0.26 ml/min; median levels of sodium and chlorides, 4 mmol/L and 13.5 mmol/L vs. 9 mmol/L and 19 mmol/L (p < 0.001) and uric acid, 103.50 mmol/L vs. 163 (p = 0.009). However, higher median levels were recorded with calcium, 1.09 mmol/L vs. 0.54 (p < 0.001) and sIgA 23 mg/dl vs. 5 mg/dl (p < 0.001). In TG, a positive correlation was found between DC, potassium, urea, and chlorides (p < 0.05). Salivary renal and hepatic biomarkers were comparable between the two groups. Conclusions PLWHA have shown an alteration in some salivary parameters, more decayed teeth and less filled teeth. Preventive measures should be implemented to lower dental caries and enhance accessibility to oral care services. In addition, saliva can be utilized to monitor oral and general health status among PLWHA on ART.

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A Comparative Study of Salivary Composition of HIV Seropositive Patients on HAART and Not on HAART

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of salivary flow rate and gustatory function in HIV-positive patients with or without highly active antiretroviral therapy

Evaluation of salivary flow rate and gustatory function in HIV-positive patients with or without highly active antiretroviral therapy

Relationship of long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy on salivary flow rate and CD4 Count among HIV-infected patients

Salivary biochemical parameters in people living with HIV on ART and dental caries: a cross-sectional study in Monastir, Tunisia

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