A comparative study of physical properties in Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles prepared by coprecipitation and citrate methods

Abstract

Magnetite exhibits unique structural, electronic, and magnetic properties in extreme conditions that are of great research interest. In this work, the effects of preparation technique on X‐ray peak broadening, magnetic and elastic moduli properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared by coprecipitation (FcP‐NPs) and citrate (FC‐NPs) methods have been investigated. The structural characterization of the samples is evidence for a cubic structure with Fd‐3m space group. The Williamson‐Hall analysis was used to study crystallite sizes and lattice strain of the samples and also stress and energy density. In addition, the crystallite sizes are compared with the particle sizes and the magnetic core sizes obtained from TEM and VSM methods, respectively. In addition, the cation distribution obtained from calculated inversion parameter indicate that in the smaller particles, more amount of Fe2+ on the tetrahedral sites can be related to higher stress induced in the FcP‐NPs compared to the FC‐NPs. The saturation magnetization of the FcP‐NPs is almost two times bigger than the saturation magnetization of the FC‐NPs. It could be attributed to the decrease in the negative interaction on the octahedral site and also the magnetic moment on the tetrahedral site of the FcP‐NPs. The increase in force constants of the FC‐NPs determined by infrared spectra analysis compared to FcP‐NPs suggests the strengthening of their interatomic bonding. The values of shear and longitudinal wave velocities obtained from force constants have been used to determine the values of Young's modulus, rigidity modulus, bulk modulus, and Debye temperature. By comparison of the elastic results of FC‐NPs with the FcP‐NPs, we can observe that the elastic properties of the F‐NPs have been improved by synthesis method, while Poisson's ratio almost remains constant. In addition, using the values of the compliance sij obtained from elastic stiffness constants, the values of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio along the oriented direction [hkl] have been calculated for the samples.

Synthesis of Fe3O4/Ag nanohybrid ferrofluids and their applications as antimicrobial and antifibrotic agents

“…The molecular structure of Fe 3 O 4 /Ag ferrofluids was analyzed on the basis of their FTIR transmission spectra, as shown in Figure 5. The peaks of the fillers in the ferrofluids appeared at 451 and 707 cm À1 , which are associated with Fe-O bonds involving Fe ions in octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively [43]. Meanwhile, peaks of functional groups of Ag were detected at 1652 cm À1 (N-Ag) and 3002 cm À1 (C-Ag) [44].…”

Development and Characterization of Fe3O4@Carbon Nanoparticles and Their Biological Screening Related to Oral Administration

“…Even if the precipitation method is by far the most simple and used, it has some serious limitations such as the properties of the obtained oxides influenced by many factors such as pH, ionic strength of the solution, temperature, nature of the salts used, the concentration of the precipitating agent or the protective atmosphere. Because of the mutual influence of the working parameters, by using this method, the size distribution of the obtained particles is broad, and their shape and size are hardly controlled [76][77][78][79]. Due to the serious limitations which limit the ability to obtain magnetic nanoparticles with adjustable properties, developing new simple, flexible, and inexpensive methods to synthesize magnetic nanoparticles with tailored properties to provide them with the full potential in biomedical applications is of extreme importance.…”

Preparation of a novel Fe3O4@SiO2@propyl@DBU magnetic core–shell nanocatalyst for Knoevenagel reaction in aqueous medium

“…Magnetic Fe 3 O 4 particles were prepared by the method of coprecipitation (46). FeCl 3 •6H 2 O (8.1 g, 30 mmol) and FeCl 2 •4H 2 O (3.4 g, 17 mmol) were added into a 250 mL round bottom flask containing 100 mL distilled water.…”