A comparative study of lithium ion to lead acid batteries for use in UPS applications

Abstract

Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems have incorporated in their structure an electrochemical battery which allows for smooth power supply when a power failure occurs. In general, UPS systems are based on lead acid batteries; mainly a valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery. Recently, lithium ion batteries are getting more and more attention for their use in the back-up power systems and UPSs, because of their superior characteristics, which include increased safety and higher gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. This fact allows them to be smaller in size and weight less than VRLA batteries, which are currently used in UPS applications.The main purpose of this paper is to analyze how Li-ion batteries can become a useful alternative to present VRLA. In this study, three different electrochemical battery technologies were investigated; two of the most appealing Li-ion chemistries, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium titanate oxide (LTO) were compared with lead acid batteries, in terms of their basics characteristics (e.g. capacity, internal resistance) and their dependence on the operating conditions.

Energy Storage Systems for Shipboard Microgrids—A Review

“…Lead acid battery is the most commonly used battery in the market. They are used in Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) [17][18][19][20], automobiles [21][22][23], etc. The increase in energy and power demands particularly, from hybrid electric vehicles results in large demand of batteries that are capable to produce higher energy density than lead-acid battery.…”

SOH Estimation of LMO/NMC-based Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries Using the Incremental Capacity Analysis Technique

“…Furthermore, as shown by Swierczynski et al in [8], more than 75% of the capacity fade to which a battery was subjected during EV operation was due to calendar ageing. Besides EVs, another application in which batteries will degrade due to idling are uninterruptable power systems, where the batteries are scarcely used as presented in [9]. Thus, we have considered that it is relevant to investigate the degradation and to estimate the SOH of Li-ion batteries, which are aged under calendar ageing conditions.…”

Optimal Design and Operation Management of Battery-Based Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in Microgrids

“…Three technologies of batteries have been tested in Ref. [24], exhibiting both the effect of the C-rate and the temperature on the available discharged capacity. Indeed, it has been empirically formulated by Peukert for lead-acid batteries at the end of the nineteenth century that the discharged capacity is related to the C-rate.…”