2003
DOI: 10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00718-8
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A comparative study of Li-ion battery, supercapacitor and nonaqueous asymmetric hybrid devices for automotive applications

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Cited by 526 publications
(295 citation statements)
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“…Modern batteries have increased capabilities with respect to those available in the past: for example, lithium-ion batteries have reached a high level of energy density (up to 0.2 Wh/g) and are able to maintain an almost constant voltage until they are discharged to 75%-80% [8]. Unfortunately, size constraints of implantable batteries limit their efficiency, and their repeated use implies their substitution after a while.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Modern batteries have increased capabilities with respect to those available in the past: for example, lithium-ion batteries have reached a high level of energy density (up to 0.2 Wh/g) and are able to maintain an almost constant voltage until they are discharged to 75%-80% [8]. Unfortunately, size constraints of implantable batteries limit their efficiency, and their repeated use implies their substitution after a while.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this case, negative electrode and electrolyte are typical for Li-ion technology with Li-ions intercalating into and de-intercalating from the graphite anode. In some recent, LIC technologies LTO is also used as an anode material [13]. Positive electrode is fabricated from activated carbon or other material typical for the UC technology, sometimes with addition of lithiated metal oxides typical for Li-ion technology [13].…”
Section: An Increase In Uc Energy-hybrid Devicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In some recent, LIC technologies LTO is also used as an anode material [13]. Positive electrode is fabricated from activated carbon or other material typical for the UC technology, sometimes with addition of lithiated metal oxides typical for Li-ion technology [13]. The LIC rated voltage reaches 3.8 V and is higher than that of UC cells and nickel-alkaline hybrids mentioned above, and the general state-of-art of LIC hybrid devices can be characterized by the energy density of about 10-15 Wh/kg.…”
Section: An Increase In Uc Energy-hybrid Devicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As energy storage devices two different concepts are suitable: rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors [15].…”
Section: B Energy Storage Devicementioning
confidence: 99%