A Comparative in Silico Analysis of CD24’s Prognostic Value in Human and Canine Prostate Cancer

Abstract

CD24 is a cell surface molecule anchored by glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol and expressed by different human cancers, including prostate cancer (PC). Some studies have demonstrated that CD24 expression is associated with poor patient outcome; however, few studies have investigated CD24 expression in spontaneous animal models of human PC, such as canine PC. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of CD24 in human PC using the in silico analysis of the data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and comparing it with the previously published prostatic canine transcriptome data. In addition, CD24 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort of canine prostatic samples and its prognostic significance assessed. The systematic review identified 10 publications fitting with the inclusion criteria of this study. Of the 10 manuscripts, 5 demonstrated a direct correlation between CD24 overexpression and patient prognoses. CD24 expression was also associated with PSA relapse (2/5) and tumor progression (1/5). However, the in silico analysis did not validate CD24 as a prognostic factor of human PC. Regarding canine PC, 10 out of 30 normal prostates and 27 out of 40 PC samples were positive for CD24. As in humans, there was no association with overall survival. Overall, our results demonstrated a significant CD24 overexpression in human and canine prostate cancer, although its prognostic value may be questionable. However, tumors overexpressing CD24 may be a reliable model for new target therapies and dogs could be used of a unique preclinical model for these studies.

P-Glycoprotein and Androgen Receptor Expression Reveals Independence of Canine Prostate Cancer from Androgen Hormone Stimulation

“…For many years, canine PC has been considered a model for human PC, and several studies have proposed and evaluated the importance of the canine model from a single health perspective [20][21][22][23][24][25]. However, based on our previous results [13,14], we propose that dogs can be used in comparative studies considering the particularities of PC in both species.…”

Comparative Pathobiology of Canine and Human Prostate Cancer: State of the Art and Future Directions

“…The understanding of canine tumors has taken a new direction with the advent of molecular biology, with many tumors being diagnosed through molecular testing. Canine PC was no different, and two large previous molecular studies were performed [ 4 , 226 , 227 , 228 ]. Genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies involving canine PC may help to identify diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as serum markers, particularly those involving samples of bladder tumors, as they have a urothelial origin.…”

Lapatinib antitumor effect is associated with PI3K and MAPK pathway: An analysis in human and canine prostate cancer cells

“…The characterization of dogs as a model for human PC has provided valuable information regarding tumor biology and antitumor response [ 26 , 27 ]. The pharmacologic mechanisms and antitumor response of lapatinib could be explored and understood better using dogs as cancer models [ 28 , 29 ].…”