A comparative evaluation of the coastal internal boundary-layer height equations

Stunder, M.; Sethuraman, Sunder

doi:10.1007/bf00120934

Cited by 63 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A few investigators, including Gamo et al (1982) and Kuwagata et al (1990) for Japan, Stunder and Sethuraman (1985) for the United States, and Gryning (1985) for Denmark, have analyzed the spatial variations of the atmospheric mixing layer in coastal areas. Similar studies as related to the EM basin are quite limited and deal also mainly with the conditions not directly located over the open sea but rather at sites distant from the coastline.…”

Section: Atmospheric Dispersion Conditions Over the Eastern Mediterramentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during summer – a review

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The eastern Mediterranean (EM) is one of the regions in the world where elevated concentrations of primary and secondary gaseous air pollutants have been reported frequently, mainly in summer. This review discusses published studies of the atmospheric dispersion and transport conditions characterizing this region during the summer, followed by a description of some essential studies dealing with the corresponding concentrations of air pollutants such as ozone, carbon monoxide, total reactive nitrogen, methane, and sulfate aerosols observed there.The interlaced relationship between the downward motion of the subsiding air aloft induced by global circulation systems affecting the EM and the depth of the Persian Trough, a low-pressure trough that extends from the Asian monsoon at the surface controlling the spatiotemporal distribution of the mixed boundary layer during summer, is discussed. The strength of the wind flow within the mixed layer and its depth affect much the amount of pollutants transported and determine the potential of the atmosphere to disperse contaminants off their origins in the EM. The reduced mixed layer and the accompanying weak westerlies, characterizing the summer in this region, led to reduced ventilation rates, preventing an effective dilution of the contaminants. Several studies pointing at specific local (e.g., ventilation rates) and regional peculiarities (long-range transport) enhancing the build-up of air pollutant concentrations are presented.Tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) concentrations observed in the summer over the EM are among the highest over the Northern Hemisphere. The three essential processes controlling its formation (i.e., long-range transport of polluted air masses, dynamic subsidence at mid-tropospheric levels, and stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange) are reviewed. Airborne campaigns and satellite-borne initiatives have indicated that the concentration values of reactive nitrogen identified as precursors in the formation of O 3 over the EM were found to be 2 to 10 times higher than in the hemispheric background troposphere. Several factors favor sulfate particulate abundance over the EM. Models, aircraft measurements, and satellite-derived data have clearly shown that sulfate has a maximum during spring and summer over the EM. The carbon monoxide (CO) seasonal cycle, as obtained from global background monitoring sites in the EM, is mostly controlled by the tropospheric concentration of the hydroxyl radical (OH) and therefore demonstrates high concentrations over winter months and the lowest concentrations during summer when photochemistry is active. Modeling studies have shown that the diurnal variations in CO concentration during the summer result from long-range CO transport from European anthropogenic sources, contributing 60 to 80 % of the boundary-layer CO over the EM. The values retrieved from satellite data enable us to derive the spatial distribution of methane (CH 4 ), identifying August as the month with the highest levels over the EM. The outcomes of a...

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Section: Atmospheric Dispersion Conditions Over the Eastern Mediterramentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during summer – a review

et al. 2017

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“…Note that the dependency of h on X 'I2 has been predicted by dimensional analysis (see, e.g., Raynor et al, 1975) and by the thermodynamic approaches of Tennekes (1973) (Mizuno, 1982;Steyn and Oke, 1982). Note also that, although there are other formulas to compute the height of the CIBL (see, e.g., Stunder and SethuRaman, 1985), Equation (1) is theoretically sound because it is based on the two-dimensional mixed-layer energy equation. …”

Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lists of these studies can be found in this journal (see, e.g., Ogawa and Ohara, 1985;Stunder and SethuRaman, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A note on estimating the height of the convective internal boundary layer near shore

Hsu

1986

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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When cool air flows from the sea over a warm coast, the air is thermally modified. It is shown that h = cX"a, where h is the height (in meters) of this thermal or convective internal boundary layer (CIBL) over the coast,Xis the distance downwind (in meters) from the shoreline (i.e., the fetch), and c is a coefficient that relates to the shear velocity and wind speed inside the CIBL, potential temperature difference and entrainment coefficient across the CIBL, and the lapse rate outside the CIBL. This equation is a simplification of a theoretical equation and is supported by three similar formulations based on thermodynamic and dimensional analyses. Pertinent field experiments conducted near shorelines in France, Sweden, and Japan indicate that c is approximately 1.91, with a standard deviation of 0.38. All observations are within 95% confidence limits.

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“…The lower atmosphere is dominated by a Persian Trough causing a semipermanent large scale westerly flow over Israel [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The interaction of the large scale diurnal wind oscillation and the sea breeze (SB) is controlled by local meteorological conditions such as land-sea temperature difference, the large scale wind and the thermal convection [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Kalmikov [22] analyzed theoretically and quantitatively the hypothesis of the mesoscale coastal circulations predominance in the inversion generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coastal Boundary Layer and Air Pollution - A High Temporal Resolution Analysis in the East Mediterranean Coast

Uzan¹,

Alpert²

2012

TOASCJ

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Abstract:The East Mediterranean (EM) coast is characterized by warm sea temperatures and a nearly linear coastline. Both parameters influence the sea breeze front and the atmospheric conditions most relevant to air pollution dispersion. Here, the high resolution boundary-layer diurnal variation is highlighted leading to a distinct pattern of spatial-temporal air pollution dispersion, for over 25 years, from Israel's largest coal-fired power plant. Over 4,000 air pollution events were segregated by semi-objective synoptic systems and 7 years of boundary layer profiles carried out by acoustic radar. Results clarify why the highest air pollution events occur during summer at 12:00-15:00 h through the average coincident drop of the boundary layer height down to 450 m above the ground. Here, the interaction between the synoptics and the sea-breezes is shown to play a significant role in the specific air pollution pattern.

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A comparative evaluation of the coastal internal boundary-layer height equations

Cited by 63 publications

References 25 publications

Atmospheric pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during summer – a review

Atmospheric pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during summer – a review

A note on estimating the height of the convective internal boundary layer near shore

The Coastal Boundary Layer and Air Pollution - A High Temporal Resolution Analysis in the East Mediterranean Coast

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