A Comparative Analysis of the ‘Green’ Techniques Applied for Polyphenols Extraction from Bioresources

Abstract

From all the valuable biomass extractives, polyphenols are a widespread group of secondary metabolites found in all plants, representing the most desirable phytochemicals due to their potential to be used as additives in food industry, cosmetics, medicine, and others fields. At present, there is an increased interest to recover them from plant of spontaneous flora, cultivated plant, and wastes resulted in agricultural and food industry. That is why many efforts have been made to provide a highly sensitive, efficiently, and eco-friendly methods, for the extraction of polyphenols, according to the green chemistry and sustainable development concepts. Many extraction procedures are known with advantages and disadvantages. From these reasons, the aim of this article is to provide a comparative analysis regarding technical and economical aspects related to the most innovative extraction techniques studied in the last time: microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE).

Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Plant Extracts

“…The use of polyphenols as food additives has raised concerns about the safety for human health of extraction methods using organic solvents [39]. Thus, "green extraction methods" are being developed using modern technology, where less or no organic solvents are used to minimize environmental and health impacts.…”

“…Thus, "green extraction methods" are being developed using modern technology, where less or no organic solvents are used to minimize environmental and health impacts. The most common of such "green methods" are microwave assisted (MAE), ultrasound assisted (UAE), pulsed electric field assisted, and enzyme assisted extractions, infrared irradiation (IR), pressurized liquid and supercritical fluid extractions [39]. Gajic et al [40] investigated the optimal conditions for isolating polyphenols from black locust (Robiniae pseudoacaciae) flowers using UAE.…”

A review of sustainable and intensified techniques for extraction of food and natural products

“…A higher efficiency and sustainability can be reached thanks to the design of new environmentally-friendly protocols that often use integrated techniques. 153 Ultrasound-and microwave-assisted extraction procedures (UAE and MAE respectively) can play pivotal roles in achieving these objectives, both when they are used individually or in combination, leading to high active principle and oil yields, selectivity improvement, and high stability of the obtained product, often preserving the volatile fraction of the extract when natural flavor and taste are desired. These techniques can be dedicated to both pilot and industrial scales protocols, and several studies have compared their performance with those of the classic procedures.…”

Influence of Particle Size and Size Distribution on Kinetic Mechanism of Spruce Bark Polyphenols Extraction

“…The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) are the most widely used and have been critically reviewed in the last decade. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Besides the extraction technique and the specific parameters, particle size also affects the extraction yield. Size reduction of biomass before extraction offers greater surface area for mass transfer, which enhances the diffusion of active principles into the solvent.…”