A Comparative Analysis of Gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction 2009 Certified Projects in Finland, Sweden, Turkey, and Spain

Abstract

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is currently intensively applied in several European countries. The aims of the present study were to compare the difference between (i) two countries from the same region (i.e., Finland vs. Sweden or Turkey vs. Spain) and (ii) two European regions (northern Europe [Finland and Sweden] vs. [Turkey and Spain]) when the LEED- New Construction (NC) 2009 Certified rating level certified projects were analyzed. We found that, in the northern and southern parts of Europe, LEED- NC 2009 credit achievements in terms of Sustainable Sites (SS), Water Efficiency (WE), Materials and Resources (MR), and Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) were similar, whereas credit achievements in Energy and Atmosphere (EA) were different. High achievements were revealed in WE and SS, with values of 80–100% and 70–75%, respectively; intermediate achievements were revealed in EQ, with values of 40–60%; and low achievements were revealed in MR (20–40%). EA achievements were intermediate (60–65%) in northern Europe, while they were low in southern Europe (40%). This evidence can help recognize the categories that are performed with a high number of points and those that are performed with a low number of points.

LEED-CIv4 Commercial Interiors: United States (2014–2019)

“…It should be noted that the aforementioned conclusions were drawn based only on LEED-CIv4 projects certified in the US. However, LEED is also the most recognized system in Europe and, as follows from the literature [13], European countries have addressed its applications in a different way compared to the US. In particular, in Northern European countries (Finland and Sweden), the Optimize Energy Performance credit (the EA category) of LEED-NCv3 projects showed high achievement [13].…”

“…However, LEED is also the most recognized system in Europe and, as follows from the literature [13], European countries have addressed its applications in a different way compared to the US. In particular, in Northern European countries (Finland and Sweden), the Optimize Energy Performance credit (the EA category) of LEED-NCv3 projects showed high achievement [13]. Thus, in future research, a similar methodology needs to be applied to LEED-CI buildings in Europe so that the conclusions presented here can be more internationally accepted.…”

“…In the US, 920 [10] and 1598 [11] LEED-NCv3 Silver and Gold projects, respectively, have been studied. In Turkey, Spain, and Italy, 108 LEED-CIv3 and LEED-C and S Gold projects [12] and in Finland, Sweden, Turkey, and Spain, 133 LEED-NCv3 projects [13] were evaluated. Thus, LEED-NC is the most popular system and often issued by design teams [14].…”

A Comprehensive Analysis: Sustainable Trends and Awarded LEED 2009 Credits in Vietnam

“…Boschmann and Gabriel proposed (2007) the implementation and development of green technologies directly related to a particular LEED credit [24]. Pushkar (2018) identified the significant differences in the choice of implementing LEED credits among several countries, including SS, WE, EA, EQ, and ID [25]. In other words, it is highly useful for analyzing the influence and development of green buildings in developed countries to benchmark the Green Building regulation system of developing countries [26].…”

“…There are several versions of LEED being used in Vietnamese existing buildings, but the 2009 LEED version has occupied for the majority of current certified projects and is applied to projects registered before 2018. The previous versions of LEED, which are LEED v2.2 and LEED 2009, both have six main categories, including sustainable sites (SS), the water efficiency (WE), the energy and atmosphere (EA), the material and resources (MR), the indoor environmental quality (IEQ), and the innovation in design (ID) [6,25]. LEED 2009 consists of 6 major sets of criteria with 12 prerequisite credits and 42 optional credits, and credits also have different performance strategies [11].…”