A compact multi‐band multi‐input multi‐output antenna for 4G/5G and IoT devices using theory of characteristic modes

Kumar, Naveen; Khanna, Rajesh

doi:10.1002/mmce.22012

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For the ease of understanding, some equations of TCM are briefly discussed below. More details about TCM analyses are available in [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Theory Of Characteristics Mode Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Circularly Polarized Quad-Band Annular Ring Antenna With Asymmetric Ground Plane Using Theory of Characteristic Modes

Dhara¹,

Yadav²,

Sharma³

et al. 2021

PIER M

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Herein a theory of characteristic mode (TCM)-based design of circularly-polarized (CP) quad-band compact microstrip antenna is proposed. It involves one annular ring radiator having eight symmetrical slots along its boundary and three circular closed ring resonators (CRRs) on the bottom side of the substrate. Initially, CM analysis was carried out for the radiator without a feeding structure, to determine the modal currents and their corresponding modal fields (radiation patterns) of existing modes. This helped in recognizing the symmetric modes to be selectively excited by the feed to furnish CP and gave direction for selecting an asymmetric CPW-fed structure as the feed of choice. Evolution process of the antenna geometry shows that the eight symmetrical slots in tandem with the CRRs generate wide impedance bandwidth (IBW), while measured quad CP bands are obtained through uses of an asymmetric ground plane resonating at 5.63 GHz (120 MHz), a cross-shaped slit at 7.69 GHz (650 MHz), a rectangular open loop at 9.91 GHz (1200 MHz), and a tuning stub in the feeding structure at 12.09 GHz (160 MHz). Series of parasitic strips augmented CP radiation and eliminate ripples in the radiation pattern. Measured findings relate satisfactorily with simulations done using Ansys HFSS 2020 R1. A low cost FR-4 substrate is used to fabricate the antenna with an optimized dimension of 35 × 30 × 1.6 mm 3. The measured IBW ranges from 4.36-4.82 GHz, 5.50-5.78 GHz, and 5.95-beyond 14 GHz. The proposed antenna may find suitable applications in C band, X band, and 5 GHz WLAN devices.

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“…For the ease of understanding, some equations of TCM are briefly discussed below. More details about TCM analyses are available in [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Theory Of Characteristics Mode Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TCM analysis is also a good tool for antenna placement studies for platforms that are inherently part of the radiator. In recent times, TCM has been applied in designing many wideband antennas [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, many of these antennas lacked stable radiation patterns while trying to achieve wide IBW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Circularly Polarized Quad-Band Annular Ring Antenna With Asymmetric Ground Plane Using Theory of Characteristic Modes

Dhara¹,

Yadav²,

Sharma³

et al. 2021

PIER M

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show abstract

“…In this letter, a two‐element MIMO antenna is proposed where the antenna elements are of L‐shaped with L slot PIFA type. The work is an extension to the work presented in Reference 21 with modification in the radiating element structure and addition of wide mmWave band. The use of characteristic mode analysis (CMA) for the systematic design of the antenna structure along with the use of complementary modified split ring resonator (CMSRR) on the ground plane to reduce mutual coupling between the antenna elements is the novelty of the proposed work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A two element MIMO antenna for sub‐6 GHz and mmWave 5G systems using characteristics mode analysis

Kumar

Khanna

2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this article, a two-element multiband multi-input multioutput (MIMO) antenna for 5G communication devices is presented. Characteristics mode analysis is used to develop the proposed antenna. The planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) structure is used as an antenna element operating at 3.5, 4.3, 28, and 35 GHz bands. The shape of the PIFA is L-shaped patch with an L slot placed which is positioned above the ground plane at 4 mm height. The proposed antenna covers more than 400 MHz bandwidth at 3.5, 4.3 GHz bands, and wideband coverage of more than 12 GHz covering many millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands between 24 and 38 GHz. The use of complementary metamaterial unit cell resulted in a minimum of 21 dB isolation in 3.5 GHz band and a minimum of 24 dB in mmWave bands. The simulated and measured results are presented for the proposed MIMO antenna system, which is in good agreement with each other.

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“…So, ultra-wideband (UWB) [31,32] is considered as the only solution to capture all the operating associated bands in 3.1-10.6 GHz. Another challenge is to fit appropriate antenna and generate multiple resonating spectrums [33][34][35]. Thus, the phenomenon of self-similar antenna structures commonly known as Fractals, is introduced and considered as the optimum solution, as it provides multi-resonances with wide bandwidth [36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics Mode Analysis: A Review of Its Concepts, Recent Trends, State-of-the-Art Developments and Its Interpretation With a Fractal Uwb Mimo Antenna

Mohanty¹,

Behera²

2021

PIER B

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In this article, we present a compact and efficient diametrically-fed dual port fractal UWB MIMO antenna for portable handheld wireless devices. The electromagnetic behaviour on conducting body is analyzed through classical approach based characteristics mode analysis (CMA). Their intrinsic characteristics are explored on the basis of (a) modal surface current distributions, (b) narrow/broad bandwidth capability, and (c) radiation potentials. Concurrent analysis is persuaded on a diametricallyfed dual-port fed fractal conducting surface, which provides interesting facets on the combinatory effect of electromagnetic performance and physical behaviour on metallic radiator, metallic ground planes (unconnected/connected) and combination of two aforementioned metallic compact geometries. Theoretical insights are investigated for essential/non-essential modes existing in proposed geometry. The investigation through CMA also gives plethoric information on the feed location of antenna on modal surface currents and similar trends to capture its radiation potentials on the current nulls existing in the physical body. A broad classification of modes is explained, covering the CMA modal dynamics such as (a) characteristics angle (CA), (b) eigenvalues (EV), and (c) modal significance (MS). These additive parameters in general reflect the resemblance of Q-factor ≈ B.W. for narrowband/wideband traits, electrically/magnetically coupled energy behaviour, and radiative potential for far-field propagation. Thus, in a nutshell , it can be concluded that 'CMA provides physically intuitive guidance for the analysis and designing of antenna structures'. To support the findings highlighted in this particular study, a concise review about the theory of characteristic modes and the practical examples that use such concepts are taken into consideration.

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A compact multi‐band multi‐input multi‐output antenna for 4G/5G and IoT devices using theory of characteristic modes

Cited by 35 publications

References 47 publications

A Circularly Polarized Quad-Band Annular Ring Antenna With Asymmetric Ground Plane Using Theory of Characteristic Modes

A Circularly Polarized Quad-Band Annular Ring Antenna With Asymmetric Ground Plane Using Theory of Characteristic Modes

A two element MIMO antenna for sub‐6 GHz and mmWave 5G systems using characteristics mode analysis

Characteristics Mode Analysis: A Review of Its Concepts, Recent Trends, State-of-the-Art Developments and Its Interpretation With a Fractal Uwb Mimo Antenna

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