A Compact High-Efficient Equivalent Circuit Model of Multi-Quantum-Well Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers for High-Speed Interconnects

Li, Shanglin; Nezami, Mohammadreza Sanadgol; Rolston, D.R.; Liboiron-Ladouceur, Odile

doi:10.3390/app10113865

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This work is an extension of [4] and examples of recent similar works on this topic can be found in [5], [6], [7], [8]. This work together with [5] include the additional use of two sub-circuits to keep track of the free carriers in the barrier regions and in the QWs. This allows for the inclusion of the finite time it takes for the carriers to be captured by the QWs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This carrier transport effect is well known to affect the modulation speed of semiconductor lasers [9]. Our work however differs to work [5] in that we employ a different subcircuit for modelling the input impedance and voltage drop over the SCH region. For the latter we use a voltage source instead of passive circuit elements, where voltage is calculated from quasi-Fermi levels and free carrier concentrations in the QWs and above the barriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, the sub-circuit becomes an active circuit that is interdependent on the other sub-circuits, making it possible to model the non-linear steadystate current-voltage characteristics for the VCSEL based on physics (via quasi-Fermi level calculations), and also have a physics-based (instead of empirical) diffusion capacitance that connects to the VCSEL design, both for improved feedback to VCSEL designers. By also including more temperature dependent parameters, supplied by the VCSEL designers, the equivalent circuit is shown usable for a wide range of ambient temperatures (instead of only room temperature as in [5]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Large-Signal Equivalent Circuit for Datacom VCSELs

Grabowski

Gustavsson

et al. 2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing the baud rate in optical interconnects (OIs) will require the use of more sophisticated driver and receiver electronics. This will help overcome the stagnated bandwidth of the Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) and the pin-photodetector. Next generation OIs operating at single lane rates of 50+ Gbaud will therefore require careful co-optimization of the electronics and the optoelectronics. To facilitate this work there is a need of an accurate equivalent circuit for the optoelectronic components, functioning over a broad drive current and ambient temperature range. The VCSEL is the most important and complex to model due to its nonlinear behavior and strongly varying characteristics with drive current and ambient temperature. For this purpose, a large-signal equivalent circuit dedicated for high-speed datacom VCSELs has been developed and is presented here. The distributed electrical parasitics in the device layout are carefully considered, the intrinsic speed limitation from carrier transport effects in the Separate-Confinement-Heterostructure (SCH) and the carrierphoton interaction in the Quantum Wells (QWs) are included, and self-heating effects in the device are monitored. The circuit is purposely based on physical instead of empirical models so that it can provide usable feedback to VCSEL designers. For circuit demonstration, it is implemented in Keysight's Advanced Design System (ADS) software and thereafter applied to replicate the performance of a state-of-the-art 28-GHz-bandwidth VCSEL at different temperatures and drive currents. Comparison is made between simulated and measured steady-state characteristics, small-signal behavior, and large-signal response under 28 Gbaud On-Off-Keying (OOK) and Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation 4 (PAM4) modulation, showing good agreement.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Large-Signal Equivalent Circuit for Datacom VCSELs

Grabowski

Gustavsson

et al. 2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The parasitic element results from contact pads which introduce resistance, capacitance and inductance to the parasitic circuit. Other resistances come from the top Bragg reflectors, bottom Bragg reflectors and the active region two series parasitic capacitances come also from the oxide layer and active region [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Signal Analysis of Vertical cavity Surface Emitting Lasers under the parasitic effect

Eladl¹

2022

Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, a small signal analysis of a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) under the parasitic condition is developed. The analysis is based on the transfer function of the considered device under the parasitic case. The dominant pole approximation scheme is used for the reduction of its characteristic equation. The Convolution Theorem is also applied to get the temporal response. All interesting parameters are outlined. The effect of parasitic cutoff frequency is also analyzed. The results show that when the parasitic cut off frequency is lower than the damping rate, the device behaves like first order low pass filter, while it behaves like second order low pass filter when the parasitic cut off frequency is greater than the damping rate. On the other side, the device operates very fast towards the second order low pass filter and up to a peak power within 1.2 ns if the resonance frequency is increased to 2 GHz, so it can be exploited in very high speed optical systems.

show abstract

“…The use of compact models to characterize the performance of complex systems in order to make the simulation and design tasks easier and faster is widely extended in different engineering applications: the electric field generated in tunnel field-effect transistors, Najam et al [27]; the circuit models of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, Li et al [28]; the dynamic performance of latent heat thermal storage units, Colangelo et al [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Model of a Screen under Fan-Induced Swirl Conditions Using a Porous Media Approach

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A perforated plate in an electronic device is typically placed downstream of an axial fan (push cooling) in order to avoid electromagnetic interferences. Because of the swirling component in the flow approaching the screen, determining how the screen affects the flow pattern downstream of the screen is a challenge. It is important to understand this interaction, as the correct location of the electronic components will depend on the flow pattern (the components that dissipate more heat will be located where the maximum magnitude of the velocity is located). This work aims to present an approach of the flow pattern via a compact model based on three directional pressure loss coefficients. The values for the pressure loss coefficients are obtained through different correlations depending on the flow and geometric characteristics for the case that is being modeled. These correlations are obtained through an iterative process that compares different flow patterns obtained through different modeling strategies: the compact one that is presented in this paper and another detailed one, which was validated in previous works. Results show that if this compact model is used, an approximation of the flow pattern could be obtained with a huge decrease in the amount of time invested.

show abstract

A Compact High-Efficient Equivalent Circuit Model of Multi-Quantum-Well Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers for High-Speed Interconnects

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Large-Signal Equivalent Circuit for Datacom VCSELs

Large-Signal Equivalent Circuit for Datacom VCSELs

Small Signal Analysis of Vertical cavity Surface Emitting Lasers under the parasitic effect

Compact Model of a Screen under Fan-Induced Swirl Conditions Using a Porous Media Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About