A Compact $4\times 4$ MIMO Antenna Using EMSIW

Design Challenges and Possible Solutions for 5G SIW MIMO and Phased Array Antennas: A Review

“…In [44], a compact four-element MIMO antenna using an EMSIW cavity resonator was proposed for the 5G new radio using FR4 substrate. Four EMSIW elements are placed orthogonally in an anticlockwise direction to achieve polarization diversity, as shown in Table II.b [44].…”

“…In [44], a compact four-element MIMO antenna using an EMSIW cavity resonator was proposed for the 5G new radio using FR4 substrate. Four EMSIW elements are placed orthogonally in an anticlockwise direction to achieve polarization diversity, as shown in Table II.b [44]. In addition, the asymmetrical radiation property of the EMSIW element is utilized to attain pattern diversity, subsequently delivering high MIMO diversity performance.…”

“…Inherently SIW-based antennas offer narrow bandwidth due to the high quality (Q) factor of SIW structures. It is visible in the literature survey that many SIW MIMO antennas in the sub-6 GHz band, where a minimum of 100 MHz is required, suffer from this drawback [39][40][41][42][43][44]. Few efforts are indeed executed to enhance the antenna bandwidths [48,49].…”

“…The SAR metric is employed to describe electromagnetic radiation exposure to people from NIR. The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) [44] organization has established its standard threshold values, which should not exceed 1.6 W/Kg for 1-g tissue and 2 W/Kg for 10-g tissue [46]. Therefore, these requirements must be followed by every wireless antenna system.…”