A community‐specific framework of risk factors for youth violence: A qualitative comparison of community stakeholder perspectives in a low‐income, urban community

Ross, Katherine M.; Sullivan, Terri N.; O’Connor, Kelly; Hitti, Stephanie A.; Leiva, Manuel N.

doi:10.1002/jcop.22497

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Meanwhile, communities characterized by greater violence were likely to exhibit lower education levels and incomes, and those lacking resources often failed to move out [ 51 ]. In addition, parenting challenges might be exacerbated by the stress of living in such communities and the lack of social capital [ 52 ]. Thus, these reasons might explain why girls with low-educated fathers were more likely to experience vicarious types of CTEs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Patterns of Childhood Traumatic Experiences in Chinese Rural-To-Urban Migrant Children

Liang

Huang

et al. 2023

Children

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Background: Children and adolescents are likely to be exposed to various types of childhood traumatic experiences (CTEs) with gender-specific patterns. Rural-to-urban migrant children have been demonstrated a greater risk of CTE exposure than local children. However, no study has investigated sex differences in the patterns of CTEs and predictive factors among Chinese children. Methods: A large-scale questionnaire survey of rural-to-urban migrant children (N = 16,140) was conducted among primary and junior high schools in Beijing. Childhood trauma history, including interpersonal violence, vicarious trauma, accidents and injuries was measured. Demographic variables and social support were also examined. Latent class analysis (LCA) was utilized to examine patterns of childhood trauma, and logistic regression was used to examine predictors. Results: Four classes of CTEs were found among both boys and girls, labeled low trauma exposure, vicarious trauma exposure, domestic violence exposure, and multiple trauma exposure. The possibility of various CTEs in the four CTE patterns was higher among boys than girls. Sex differences also manifested in predictors of childhood trauma patterns. Conclusions: Our findings shed light on sex differences in CTE patterns and predictive factors in Chinese rural-to-urban migrant children, suggesting that trauma history should be considered along with sex, and sex-specific prevention and treatment programs should be developed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Patterns of Childhood Traumatic Experiences in Chinese Rural-To-Urban Migrant Children

Liang

Huang

et al. 2023

Children

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“…The adolescents in our sample were living in (or directly next to) government-subsidized housing communities characterized by geographic isolation, concentrated poverty, low neighborhood attachment, and high rates of violence. Thus, there are a variety of systemic, community-level, and social norms (e.g., code-related beliefs) contributing to the risk of handgun carriage among this sample (Ross et al, 2021). We believe these factors explain in part why our findings were not consistent with our hypotheses, and we consider them in more detail below.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual- and Peer-Level Risk and Protective Factors for Gun Carriage Among Adolescents Living in Low-Income Urban Communities

O’Connor

Sullivan

Ross

2022

J Interpers Violence

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Carrying a handgun is an established risk factor for firearm violence, with detrimental and too often irreversible consequences for adolescents including injury and mortality. Although researchers identified a number of risk factors for adolescent handgun carriage, little is known regarding the role of strengths or developmental assets in buffering against risk. The goal of this study was to identify both risk and protective factors for handgun carriage among a predominantly African American (88%) community-based sample of adolescents ( Mage = 14.3) who resided in urban communities with high rates of poverty and exposure to violence. Consistent with prior work, we found that adolescents with access to a handgun or with friends who had carried a handgun had higher odds of carrying a handgun themselves in the past 3 months. Handgun access, friends’ handgun carriage, and beliefs supporting reactive aggression were identified as risk factors for handgun carriage. Although personal and social assets and positive outlook moderated these relations, the direction was contrary to our hypotheses. We believe that these findings are in part due to structural inequities and social norms impacting adolescents in urban communities characterized by concentrated poverty and high rates of violence. Our findings highlight the value of moving beyond a deficit-oriented framework to gain a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics among both positive and negative factors that alter risk for handgun carriage among African American youth living in low-income urban areas.

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“…1 Individual risk factors that have been associated with violence are a lack of social and emotional skills, poor conflict resolution strategies, hopelessness, community/familial aggregate stress and trauma, and lack of self-regulation and self-love. 2 Exposure to violence especially at a young age is linked to decreased academic performance, increased sleep disturbances, poor general and cardiovascular health, increased incidence of inflammatory-related diseases, and increased incidence of substance use/abuse, illegal drug use, and future violent behavior. 3 When looking at firearmspecific injury, individuals are more likely to have daily pain, post-traumatic stress disorder, and worse physical and mental quality of life when compared with similarly injured motor vehicle crash victims.…”

Section: The Toll Of Interpersonal Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, homicide was the third leading cause of death and loss of years of productive life in individuals aged 15–34 years, with more than 1.5 million treated in emergency departments for assault-related injuries 1. Individual risk factors that have been associated with violence are a lack of social and emotional skills, poor conflict resolution strategies, hopelessness, community/familial aggregate stress and trauma, and lack of self-regulation and self-love 2. Exposure to violence especially at a young age is linked to decreased academic performance, increased sleep disturbances, poor general and cardiovascular health, increased incidence of inflammatory-related diseases, and increased incidence of substance use/abuse, illegal drug use, and future violent behavior 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language of violence: Do words matter more than we think?

Tatebe

Thomas

Regan³

et al. 2022

Trauma Surg Acute Care Open

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Firearm violence is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young adults. Identification of intervention targets is crucial to developing and implementing effective prevention efforts. Hospital Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPs) have used a multiprong social care approach to mediate the cycle of interpersonal violence. One struggle continually encountered is how to change the conversation around the future. Speech patterns have been associated with health outcomes and overall behavior modification. During violence prevention efforts, young victims of violence say things such as ‘I’m living on borrowed time’ and ‘why should I worry about getting an education when I’ll likely die soon anyway?’ Such speech patterns may contribute to the cycle of violence and increase the likelihood of reinjury. Presented is a narrative review of the impact language has on health outcomes and how psychotherapy may be able to change thought patterns, alter language structure, and ultimately reduce risk of reinjury.The biopsychosocial model of health posits that a person’s health is dictated by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. By understanding that language exists in the personal context, it can serve as both an indicator and a tool for targeted interventions. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) works by retraining thought and speech patterns to affect change in emotion, physiology, and behavior. It is proposed here that CBT could be used in the HVIPs’ multidisciplinary case management model by involving trained psychotherapists. Language is an important indicator of a patient’s psychological state and approach to life-changing decisions. As such, language alteration through CBT could potentially be used as a novel method of injury prevention. This concept has not before been explored in this setting and may be an effective supplement to HVIPs’ success.

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A community‐specific framework of risk factors for youth violence: A qualitative comparison of community stakeholder perspectives in a low‐income, urban community

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Sex Differences in Patterns of Childhood Traumatic Experiences in Chinese Rural-To-Urban Migrant Children

Sex Differences in Patterns of Childhood Traumatic Experiences in Chinese Rural-To-Urban Migrant Children

Individual- and Peer-Level Risk and Protective Factors for Gun Carriage Among Adolescents Living in Low-Income Urban Communities

Language of violence: Do words matter more than we think?

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