A combined uninterruptible power supply and dynamic voltage compensator using a flywheel energy storage system

Weissbach, Robert; Karady, G.G.; Farmer, Richard G.

doi:10.1109/61.915493

Cited by 69 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The FESS series compensation can maintain rated voltage for much larger load than parallel compensation [87]. FESS functions of UPS and dynamic voltage compensation are combined together in [88]. On the other hand, combat ships have stiff isolated power systems vulnerable to voltage sags due to faults or load pulses [89].…”

Section: Compensation Of Voltage Sagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Storage in Flywheels: An Overview

Awadallah

Venkatesh

2015

Can. J. Electr. Comput. Eng.

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In a deregulated power market with increasing penetration of distributed generators and renewable sources, energy storage becomes a necessity. Renewable energy sources are characterized by a fluctuating and intermittent nature, which simply means that energy may be available when it is not needed, and vice versa. Energy storage devices can help rectify the mismatch between generation and demand at any loading condition. Such devices can also provide some ancillary services, such as frequency regulation, voltage support, power quality improvement, transmission congestion relief, and system upgrade deferral. This paper presents an overview of the flywheel as a promising energy storage element. Electrical machines used with flywheels are surveyed along with their control techniques. Loss minimization and bearing system development are introduced. In addition, power system applications of flywheels are summarized. Finally, some outstanding technical difficulties are recommended for future research work.Résumé-Dans un marché d'énergie libéralisée avec une augmentation de la pénétration des générateurs distribués et des sources renouvelables, le stockage de l'énergie est devenu une nécessité. Les sources d'énergie renouvelables sont caractérisées par leur fluctuation et leur intermittence, ce qui signifie tout que l'énergie peut être disponible quand il n'est pas nécessaire, et vice versa. Les dispositifs de stockage d'énergie peuvent aider à remédier à l'inadéquation entre la production et la demande pour toute condition de chargement. Ces dispositifs peuvent aussi fournir quelques services annexes, comme la régulation de la fréquence, la régulation de tension, l'amélioration de la qualité de l'alimentation, l'allègement de la congestion de transmission, et le report des mises à niveau. Cet article présente un aperçu du volant comme un élément de stockage d'énergie prometteur. Les machines électriques utilisées avec des volants ainsi que leurs techniques de contrôle sont examinées. La minimisation des pertes et le développement du système de palier sont introduits. En plus, les applications du système d'alimentation de volants sont présentées brièvement. Enfin, quelques défis techniques demeurent en suspens pour les futurs travaux de recherche.

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Section: Compensation Of Voltage Sagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Storage in Flywheels: An Overview

Awadallah

Venkatesh

2015

Can. J. Electr. Comput. Eng.

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“…This factor takes into account the required energy in order to keep the flywheel spinning, or the flywheel standby loss. The full load standby loss of a flywheel is from 0.2% to 2% of the total capacity depending on manufacturers [26]. Flywheel UPS consists of the flywheel and the power electronics components.…”

Section: Flywheel Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flywheel Energy Storage Systems for Ride-through Applications in a Facility Microgrid

Arghandeh

Pipattanasomporn

Rahman

2012

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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Flywheel energy storage (FES) has attracted new interest for uninterruptable power supply (UPS) applications in a facility microgrid. Due to technological advancements, the FES has become a promising alternative to traditional battery storage technologies. This paper aims at developing a tool to demonstrate the use of FES units for securing critical loads during a utility outage in a microgrid environment. The FES is modeled, simulated and evaluated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK® environment. A data center is used to represent a facility microgrid case study. It illustrates how an FES can help improve the load serving capability and provide a highly reliable ride-through capability for critical loads during a utility disturbance. In comparison with batteries, the application of FES for power security is new on the horizon. This limits the availability of experimental data. The simulation model presented in this paper will enable the analysis of short-term ride-through applications of FES during an islanded operation of a facility microgrid. As a result, it can provide a guideline for facility engineers in a data center or other types of facility microgrids to better design their backup power systems based on FES technology, which can be used in combination with traditional fuel-based generators.Index Terms-Data centers, energy storage, flywheel, islanded operation, microgrid. NOMENCLATUREEnergy of flywheel (kW-s).Stored energy in flywheel (kW-s).Power of flywheel (kW). Rotating mass (kg).Linear speed (m/s). Angular speed (rad/s).Maximum angular speed (rad/s). Radius of flywheel(m).Polar moment of inertia (kg.m ).Density of rotating mass (kg/m ).Length of flywheel (m).Torque conversion factor.Efficiency of flywheel.

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“…However, these converters are utilized as a secondary intermediate stage not as the primary driver. In [29], a boost DC-DC converter with a parallel bypassing switch is used for FESS in UPS applications. The boost converter is operated in the flywheel discharging mode to increase the operating voltage range while it is bypassed during the charging mode since it (the boost converter) is uni-directional.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Control of a Low-Speed Flywheel Driving System for Pulsed-Load Mitigation in DC Distribution Networks

Elsayed

Youssef

Mohammed

2016

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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This paper details the modeling and development of an improved controller design for a DC Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) driving circuit. The Driving system is based on a Bi-directional Buck-Boost converter. The modeling of this converter including the parasitic resistances for all the components was carried out. In this model, the equivalent circuit of the machine was integrated in the converter state space model for improved accuracy and controllability. The system has two operating modes; when the FESS is charging, the converter operates in the buck mode. A controller was designed to regulate the charging rate through controlling the machine's terminal voltage. In the discharging mode, the converter operates in the boost mode. A current controller takes over to control the injected current from the machine to the DC bus. The detailed design of both control loops was identified. Simulation results show the accuracy of the derived model and the enhanced performance of the FESS. Further, it is shown that the reversal of power flow direction was performed seamlessly. A hardware prototype of the converter was implemented and the effectiveness of the developed system was experimentally verified. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with the simulation.Index Terms-DC-DC converters, flywheel, pulsed load, shipboard power system.

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A combined uninterruptible power supply and dynamic voltage compensator using a flywheel energy storage system

Cited by 69 publications

References 5 publications

Energy Storage in Flywheels: An Overview

Energy Storage in Flywheels: An Overview

Flywheel Energy Storage Systems for Ride-through Applications in a Facility Microgrid

Modeling and Control of a Low-Speed Flywheel Driving System for Pulsed-Load Mitigation in DC Distribution Networks

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